负性情绪和工作家庭平衡在护士轮值夜班与职业倦怠间的多重中介效应分析

Multiple mediating effects of negative emotions and work-family balance between nurses'night shift and job burnout

目的探讨负性情绪和工作家庭平衡在护士轮值夜班与职业倦怠间的多重中介效应,为管理者采取有效的干预措施提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法,于2020年9—10月选取黑龙江省6家三级医院的800名护士为研究对象,应用抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、工作家庭平衡量表、职业倦怠量表和一般资料调查表对护士进行横断面调查。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行数据分析,运用结构方程模型分析变量间的关系,并用Bootstrap法进行多重中介效应检验。采用Pearson相关分析轮值夜班、负性情绪、工作家庭平衡、职业倦怠的相关性。共发放问卷800份,收回有效问卷698份,有效回收率为87.25%(698/800)。结果698名护士的抑郁标准分得分为(54.87±14.75)分,焦虑标准分得分为(52.71±15.05)分,工作家庭平衡总分为(40.91±8.38)分,职业倦怠总分为(66.32±19.93)分,各变量间两两相关(P<0.05)。路径分析显示,负性情绪和工作家庭平衡在月夜班数与工作倦怠的关系中起中介作用,焦虑和工作家庭平衡的效应值分别为0.882、1.173,效应量分别为42.9%、57.1%,抑郁和工作家庭平衡的效应值分别为0.901、1.029,效应量分别为46.9%、53.3%。结论轮值夜班不仅直接影响护士的职业倦怠,还通过负性情绪、工作家庭平衡间接影响职业倦怠,研究提示管理者应重视减少护士负性情绪,满足工作家庭平衡的需求,以降低轮值夜班对职业倦怠的负面影响。

Objective To explore the multiple mediating effects of negative emotions and work-family balance between nurses'night shift and job burnout,so as to provide evidence for managers to take effective intervention measures.Methods Using the convenient sampling method,a total of 800 nurses from 6 ClassⅢhospitals in Heilongjiang Province were selected as the research objects from September to October 2020.A cross-sectional study of nurses was conducted using Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Work-Family Balance Scale,Burnout Scale and General Information Questionnaire.SPSS 25.0 software was used for data analysis,structural equation model was used to analyze the relationship between variables and Bootstrap method was used to test for multiple mediation effects.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlations between night shift,negative emotions,work-family balance and job burnout.A total of 800 questionnaires were sent out and 698 valid questionnaires were collected,with effective recovery of 87.25%(698/800).Results The standard score of depression of 698 nurses was(54.87±14.75),the standard score of anxiety was(52.71±15.05),the total score of work-family balance was(40.91±8.38)and the total score of job burnout was(66.32±19.93).The variables were correlated in pairs(P<0.05).Path analysis showed that negative emotions and work-family balance played a mediating role in the relationship between the number of night shifts and job burnout.The effect values of anxiety and work-family balance were 0.882 and 1.173,and the effect sizes were respectively 42.9%and 57.1%.The effectvalues of depression and work-family balance were 0.901 and 1.029,respectively,and the effect sizes were respectively 46.9%and 53.3%.Conclusions The night shift not only directly affects the job burnout of nurses,but also indirectly affects the job burnout through negative emotions and work-family balance.The results suggest that managers should pay attention to reducing nurses'negative emotions and meeting the needs of work-family balance,so as to reduce the negative effects of night shift on job burnout.