非同质通证的法律性质与风险治理

The Legal Nature and Risk Governance of Non-Fungible Tokens

非同质通证是区块链技术与应用的重要创新,技术上主要包括染色方案和"以太坊征求意见提案"标准方案,业务场景丰富。将非同质通证作为物、货币、证券或合同标的处理均存在难以解决的法理难题,应将其视为加密数字凭证。非同质通证可能引发技术安全、网络信息安全、金融安全、知识产权保护等多方面风险,在治理上面临较大挑战。基于加密数字凭证的定性,非同质通证的技术层和应用层可以被有效区分,进而为明确非同质通证的合法性边界、确定监管主体与职权职责结构、完善治理框架与主要法律机制并建立必要的技术标准体系等主要风险治理工作奠定基础。

Non-Fungible Token(NFT) is an important innovation in blockchain technology and application. It is mainly minted by coloring or smart contracts of ERC and used in a wide range of business scenarios. Treating NFTs as things, currencies, securities or contractual objects will cause intractable legal problems, so they should be regarded as encrypted digital certificates.NFTs may cause risks in technical security, network information security, financial security, intellectual property protection, etc., which render great challenges in governance. Based on the characterization of encrypted digital certificates, the technical layer and application layer of NFT can be effectively distinguished. It lays the foundation for major risk governance work such as clarifying the legal boundary of NFT, determining the supervisory authorities and the structure of regulatory powers and responsibilities, improving the framework and core legal mechanisms of governance, and establishing a system of necessary technical standards.