浅析四川话中“外祖父/母”的称谓

On Appellation“Grandfather/Grandmother”in Sichuanese

在四川话中,“外祖父/母”的称谓主要由词根“公/婆”加词缀或直接词根重叠而成。这类称谓所加词缀均为前缀,有“家”前缀,如“家公/婆/家”;“外”前缀,如“外公/爷/婆”等;“阿”前缀,如“阿公/婆”;“姥”前缀,如“姥公/婆”;词根重叠,如“公公/婆婆”。针对这一现象,在梳理分布最广的“家”和“外”两类称呼在四川的地域分布的基础上,探讨这两类称呼的来源,并以此来说明明清移民对四川话的影响。

In Sichuanese,the appellation“grandfather/grandmother”are mainly formed by the combination of root“Gong/Po”with affix or direct root overlap.The affixes added for such appellations are prefixes,including the prefix“Jia”,such as in“Jia Gong/Po”,the prefix“Wai”,such as in“Wai Gong/Ye/Po”,the prefix“A”,such as in“A Gong/Po”,and the prefix“Lao”,such as in“Lao Gong/Po”.Overlapping roots are found in terms like“Gonggong/Popo”.In view of this,this paper sorts out the distribution of the most widely used affixes“Jia”and“Wai”in Sichuan province and explores the sources of these two appellations,so as to show the in-fluence of immigrants in the Ming and Qing Dynasties on Sichuanese.