建群蜂进入花序的时机不同对榕-蜂繁殖效益的影响

Effects of Different Timing of Foundress Entering Syconia on the Reproductive Efficiency of Fig-fig Wasps

榕树和榕小蜂的互惠共生关系在长期的适应性进化中形成.探明细叶榕传粉榕小蜂(Eupristinaverticillata)在花序发育的不同时机进入花序内,是否对榕-蜂共生系统的繁殖效益产生影响.通过人工控制传粉榕小蜂进入花序时机,确定了细叶榕雌花期时长为7 d;从进蜂率、榕-蜂繁殖效率可以看出,雌花期中期为最佳进蜂时机.雌花期初期和末期进蜂,均导致进蜂率、造瘿数(主要是雌蜂数)、子代体长的极显著下降,性比极显著上升,而在雌花期末期进蜂的榕果的结实率(9.05%)较初期(22.02%)极显著下降.研究结果明确了细叶榕花序不同时机进蜂,结实率和造瘿率均表现为由低升高再逐渐降低的趋势.

The reciprocal symbiosis relationship between fig and fig wasps is formed in the long-term adaptive evolution. This study aims to find out that when the pollinator(Eupristinaverticillata) enters the inflorescence at different times of inflorescence development, whether it has an effect on reproductive efficiency in the fig-fig wasp mutualism. By artificially controlling the time when the pollinators enter the inflorescence, it is determined that the female phase is 7 days;from the rate of syconia entered and the reproduction efficiency of fig-fig wasps, it can be seen that the middle female phase is the best time to enter the wasp.At the beginning or the end of the female phase, the rate of syconia entered, the number of galls(mainly the number of female wasps) and the length of the offspring decreased significantly, while the sex ratio increased significantly. However, the rate of seeds(9.05%) of the syconia entered at the end of the female phase is significantly lower than that of the initial period(22.02%).This experiment clarifies that fig wasps entering the inflorescences at different times results in a trend of increasing from low to decreasing gradually for both seeding and galling rates.