基于实际演练和仿真模拟的高速列车人员疏散行为模式

Evacuation Behaviour Pattern in High-Speed Train Based on Practical Drill and Simulation

采用全尺寸高速列车作为演练地,研究发生火灾时列车上整体人员的疏散行为。设计不同实验变量,设置涵盖整列站台疏散、整列轨面疏散、单车行李疏散和单车团体疏散4大类别的疏散场景13个,运用实际演练和MassMotion软件仿真模拟2种方法,对比不同场景下不同实验变量对高速列车上人员疏散的行为影响,研究MassMotion软件用于高速列车人员疏散仿真的适用性。结果表明:在列车所有出口均保持开启状态的整列站台疏散场景中,全定员576人完成疏散共用时96 s,各出口的疏散流量基本在1.2~1.4人·(s·m)^(-1);对疏散效率造成影响的因素主要包括车厢出口数量、乘客疏散时是否携带行李以及携带行李的乘客比例,为尽量减小火灾带来的影响,列车设计时应尽量避免单出口车厢,并在火灾时通过疏散广播等形式明确告知乘客不要携带行李;MassMotion软件能够较好地预测人员疏散趋势,但由于内置参数较实际情况存在差异,模拟得到的疏散率整体趋于保守,在回避其局限性的基础上仍可将此软件用于新型列车的前期设计。

A fullscale highspeed train was used as a training site to study the evacuation behaviour in train under a fire incident.Multiple experimental variables were designed and 13 evacuation scenarios covering four major categories:the whole train platform evacuation,whole train track surface evacuation,single carriage baggage evacuation and single carriage group evacuation were set.Two methods of practical drill and MassMotion software simulation were utilised to compare the effects of different experimental variables on evacuation behaviour in highspeed train under different scenarios.The applicability of MassMotion software for evacuation simulation in highspeed train was studied.The results show that in the whole train platform evacuation scenario with all exits of the train open,it takes 96 s to complete the evacuation of all 576 people,and the evacuation flow rate of each exit is 1.2-1.4 people·(s·m)^(-1).The factors affecting the evacuation efficiency mainly include the exit number of the carriage,whether passengers carry baggage or not during evacuation and the proportion of passengers carrying baggage.In order to minimize the impact of fire,the train design should avoid singleexit carriages as far as possible,and clearly inform passengers not to carry baggage through evacuation announcements and other forms during fires.MassMotion software can well predict the evacuation trend,but due to the differences between the builtin parameters and the actual situation,the simulated evacuation rate tends to be conservative in general,and the software can still be used for the preliminary design of new trains on the basis of avoiding its limitations.