社会参与对老年人心理幸福感的影响:生命意义和家庭关怀的作用

Social participation and psychological well-being of the elderly:The role of life meaning and family care

目的:探讨社会参与对老年人心理幸福感的影响,以及生命意义的中介作用和家庭关怀的调节作用,为老龄化提供理论依据。方法:采用整群抽样法,选用社会参与指数问卷、心理幸福感量表、生命意义量表和家庭关怀量表,对陕西省汉中市577名老年人进行调查,采用分层回归分析检验社会参与对老年人心理幸福感的影响以及生命意义的中介作用和家庭关怀的调节作用。结果:不同社会参与水平老年人的心理幸福感差异有统计学意义(F=62.21,P<0.01);老年人的社会参与、生命意义、家庭关怀与老年人心理幸福感显著正相关(r=0.81,0.39;P<0.01);老年人的生命意义在社会参与对心理幸福感的影响中起着部分中介作用(β=0.15,P<0.01);家庭关怀调节着社会参与对老年人心理幸福感的作用,对于家庭关怀低的老人,生命意义起到部分中介作用(B simple=0.06,P<0.01);对于家庭关怀较高的老人,生命意义的中介效应不显著(B simple=0.02,P>0.05),社会参与对心理幸福感仅有直接作用。结论:社会参与对老年人心理幸福感的影响是有调节的中介效应,老年人丰富的社会参与活动能够促进其生命意义感的发展,家庭给予老人更多关怀,有助于提升老人价值感的实现进而增进心理幸福感。

Objective:To explore the relationship between social participation and elderly’psychological well-being,the mediating effect of life meaning and the moderating effect of family care.Methods:The cluster sampling method was performed to investigate 577 elderly people in Shaanxi by questionnaires listed below:Social Participation Questionnaires,Psychological Well-Being Scale,Life Meaning Scale and Family Care Scale,and the Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the influence of social participation on elderly’psychological well-being,the mediating effect of life meaning and the moderating effect of family care.Results:The psychological well-being was statistically significant with different levels of social participation among the elderly(F=62.21;P<0.01).Life meaning and family care were significantly positively correlated with psychological well-being(r=0.81,0.39;P<0.01).Life meaning played a partial mediating role between social participation and psychological well-being(β=0.15,P<0.01).This relationship between life meaning and psychological well-being was regulated by family care,and life meaning partially mediated those with low family care(B simple=0.06,P<0.01);The mediation effect of life meaning was insignificant for those with high family care(B=0.02,P>0.05),and their psychological well-being directly hinged on social participation.Conclusion:Social participation has a moderated mediating effect on psychological well-being in the elderly.The rich social participation of the elderly will promote the development of the sense of meaning in life,and the family can give more care to the elderly,which can help to enhance the realization of the elderly’s sense of value and enhance their psychological well-being.