凤丹牡丹花朵不同发育时期挥发性成分积累规律与蒸馏工艺研究

Accumulation Mechanism of Volatile Components and Distillation Techniques of Flowers at Different Developmental Stages of Paeonia ostii

以凤丹牡丹(Paeonia ostii)花瓣为试材,采用三因素三水平正交试验设计,结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,探讨其花发育时期[大风铃期(S1)、圆桃期(S2)和破绽期(S3)]、料液比(1:1、1:2和1:3)和蒸馏时间(1 h、2 h和3 h)对蒸馏提取牡丹花露的工艺及其挥发性成分积累规律的影响。结果表明,不同发育时期和不同蒸馏工艺获得的牡丹花露中挥发性成分含量和种类有明显差别,9种处理获得的花露中共检测到145种挥发性成分,包括醇类、萜烯类、醛类、酯类、烷烃及其他物质,其中S1期最多为96种,占比最大的是其他物质;S2和S3期占比最大的是烷烃类。从蒸馏工艺来看,同一发育时期花瓣采用不同料液比和蒸馏时间提取,其挥发性成分种类及含量有差异,S1、S2和S3期花瓣选择料液比分别为1:1、1:3和1:2,蒸馏1 h为最佳蒸馏工艺。

In this study,the orthogonal experimental design was used to explore the volatile components accumulation mechanism and distillation techniques in Paeonia ostii petals,namely three developmental stages including big bell-like stage(S1),round peach stage(S2)and bud-flaw stage(S3),solid-liquid ratio(1:1,1:2 and 1:3)and distillation time(1 h,2 h and 3 h).The volatile component was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)technology.The results showed that the kinds and content of volatile component in P.ostii petals at various developmental stages and using different distillation techniques were significantly different.A total of 145 volatile components were detected in 9 treatments,including alcohols,terpenes,aldehydes,esters,alkenes and other kinds of substances.The highest number of compounds(96)at S1 was obtained,among which other kinds of substances was abundant,while,alkanes were the major components of petals at both stages of S2 and S3.From the perspective of distillation techniques within the same developmental stages,the kinds and contents of volatile components were greatly affected by solid-liquid ratio and distillation time.The best distillation techniques was obtained for petals for 1 h distillation and the solid-liquid ratio of 1:1,1:3 and 1:2 at S1,S2 and S3,respectively.This study laid a foundation for the multi-exploitation and utilization of P.ostii petals.