中国港口群内部格局与参与全球航运网络联系分析

CONNECTION AND ANALYSIS OF CHINESE PORT CLUSTERS INTERNAL STRUCTURE AND PARTICIPATING IN GLOBAL SHIPPING NETWORK

基于2004—2019年中国沿海港口吞吐量数据,利用市场集中度指数、引力模型等方法对比五大沿海港口群内部竞合关系;结合全球TOP10航运公司2019年航线数据,通过社会网络分析描述各港口群参与全球八大航运区域的空间格局。结果表明:中国各港口群间内部竞争加剧,其中珠三角、长三角、环渤海港口群已形成多中心枢纽竞争模式,而东南沿海港口群为寡头集中发展模式,西南沿海港口群则处于多港口竞争阶段;各港口群内部寡头港如上海港、深圳港、香港港、青岛港等在对外联系中发挥主要作用。在参与全球航运网络方面,中国沿海港口群与全球八大航运区的空间联系差异显著,长三角、珠三角港口群已与全球航运区域建立较为紧密的直接航运联系,而东南沿海、西南沿海港口群对外联系程度较低;东南亚、东亚地区成为中国港口群主要对外联系区域,而与拉丁美洲、中东中南亚和非洲等地区的航线网络还需要进一步加强。

Based on throughput data of China’s coastal ports from 2004 to 2019,this paper use HHI index,gravity model to compare competition and cooperation of five coastal port clusters.Combined with the route data of world’s top10 shipping companies in 2019,the spatial pattern of port groups participating in the world’s eight shipping regions is described through social network analysis.The results show that internal competition has intensified,among which the Pearl River Delta port cluster,Yangtze River Delta port cluster and the Bohai Rim ports cluster have formed multi-center hub competition mode,while the Southeast coastal ports cluster is still oligopoly concentrated,and the Southwest coastal ports cluster is still in the stage of multi-port competition.The oligarchic ports such as the port of Shanghai,Shenzhen,Hong Kong and Qingdao,play a major role in the external relations.The spatial connections are significantly different.The ports clusters of the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta have established relatively close shipping links with the eight major shipping regions,while the southeast and southwest coastal port clusters have a low degree of external contact.The port groups need to optimize the internal development pattern to meet the unknown opportunities and challenges of globalization.