成就动机在医护学生基本心理需要与生命意义感间的中介效应

Mediating Effect of Achievement Motivation between Basic Psychological Needs and Meaning in Life among Medical and Nursing Students

目的 探讨医护学生的生命意义感与基本心理需要、成就动机之间的关系及内在作用机制,为提高医护学生的生命意义感提供依据。方法 采用分层方便抽样方法,使用生命意义感量表、基本心理需要量表、成就动机量表简式版对601名医护学生进行问卷调查,通过构建结构方程模型分析不同倾向的成就动机在基本心理需要与生命意义感间的中介效应。结果 医护学生的生命意义感得分为(49.94±8.58)分,基本心理需要得分为(76.35±11.06)分,成就动机中追求成功动机得分为(14.85±3.43)分,避免失败动机得分为(16.11±3.28)分;生命意义感和基本心理需要、追求成功动机、避免失败动机之间呈两两相关(r=0.586、0.370、-0.151,P<0.001)。追求成功动机在基本心理需要与生命意义感之间起部分中介效应(β=0.051,P<0.01),中介效应占总效应的6.2%;避免失败动机在两者之间无间接效应(β=-0.018,P=0.211)。结论 医护学生的生命意义感水平较高,避免失败的动机比追求成功的动机强。基本心理需要可直接或通过成就动机间接影响医护学生的生命意义感。医学院校应关注基本心理需要的提升教育,培养学生提高追求成功的动机,减少避免失败的动机,从而增强医护学生的生命意义感。

Objective To examine the relationship among basic psychological needs, achievement motivation and meaning in life among medical and nursing students and its implied mechanism, to provide reference for improving the meaning in life of medical and nursing students. Methods Stratified convenient sampling method was used to select 601 medical and nursing students to complete the survey with Meaning in Life Questionnaire(MLQ), Chinese version of Basic Psychological Needs Scale(BPNS-C) and Short Form of Achievement Motive Scale(AMS-SF). The mediating effect of achievement motivation of different tendencies between basic psychological needs and meaning in life was analyzed by constructing structural equation model. Results The score of MLQ, BPNS-C,AMS-Ms and AMS-Mf of medical and nursing students was 49.94 ±8.58, 76.35±11.06, 14.85±3.43 and 16.11±3.28 respectively.Correlation analysis showed that the score of meaning in life, basic psychological needs, motivation of pursuing success and avoiding failure were correlated with each other(r=0.586, 0.370,-0.151, P<0.001). Achievement motivation played a mediating role between basic psychological needs and meaning in life(β=0.051, P<0.01), and the mediating effect accounted for 6.2% of the total effect, but motivation of avoiding failure has no indirect effect between them(β=-0.018, P=0.211). Conclusion The meaning in life of medical and nursing students are at a high level, and there is higher level of motivation of avoiding failure than that of pursuing success. Basic psychological needs could affect the meaning in life of medical and nursing students directly or indirectly through the achievement motivation. The promotion of basic psychological needs and motive of pursuing success is conducive to enhancing the meaning in life of medical and nursing students.