南京后头山唐墓出土釉陶俑群初探——兼论毛氏家族墓的性质

Preliminary Study on the Group of Glazed Pottery Figurines Unearthed from Houtoushan Tang Tombs in Nanjing,and Also on the Nature of the Mao Family Tombs

2016年,南京市考古研究所在南京市雨花台区铁心桥街道后头山清理了三座唐代毛氏家族墓,墓内均随葬成套的釉陶俑及各类模型明器,为本次发掘的重要收获。俑群种类主要包括四类,即镇墓类俑、仪仗类俑、侍役类俑和动物及模型明器,均以白色瓷土为胎,胎质疏松,外施铅釉,釉色偏青黄。对比发现,这批俑群的形制、组合、制作工艺均与洛阳地区出土的同类器高度相似。后头山唐墓的形制与随葬釉陶俑群带有典型的两京地区的特征,与江南初唐墓葬明显不同,其出现或反映出初唐南京毛氏家族意图借助丧葬活动向政治中心靠拢的意愿。

In 2016,the Nanjing Municipal Institute of Archaeology excavated three Mao family’s tombs of the Tang Dynasty in Houtoushan,Tiexinqiao Street,Yuhuatai District,Nanjing City.The significant gain of this excavation is the unearthed complete sets of glazed pottery figurines and various funerary models;and four types are included:tomb guardians,ceremonial figures,servants,as well as animals and funerary models.All of them have porous white porcelain clay bodies and bluish-yellow lead-glazed on the exterior.After comparing,this group of figurines’shapes,combinations,and production techniques are highly similar to the artifacts unearthed in the Luoyang area.The structure and buried glazed pottery figurines of the Houtoushan Tang tombs embody typical characteristics of the two capital areas(Luoyang and Chang’an),which are apparently different from the early Tang tombs in the Jiangnan area.This situation may reflect the willingness of the Mao family in Nanjing in the early Tang Dynasty,who desired to bond closer to the political center through funeral activities.