基于计量的百年中国人名用字性别特征研究

A Quantified Research on Gender Characteristics of Chinese Names in a Century

该文构建了一个包含11万以上条目规模的中国名人人名数据库,每条数据含有人名、性别、出生地等社会文化标签,同时含有拼音、笔画、偏旁等文字信息标签。基于数据库,该文从中选择1919年至今的人名,用定性与定量结合的方法探究人名中汉字的特征及其性别差异,以及历时变化。从人名长度来看,男性人名比女性人名长;从人名用字的难易度来看,女性用字比男性更复杂;从用字丰富度来看,人名用字越来越单一和集中化,男性人名的用字丰富度大于女性人名。计算人名用字的性别偏度后发现女性人名的专用字更多。两性用字意象有明显不同,用字的意象随着时间发生改变,但改变最明显的时间节点是改革开放前后,其中女性用字变化比男性显著。除此之外,该文还得出人名中的性别极性字表、各个阶段的高频字表、用字变化趋势表等。

In this paper, a database of more than 110,000 Chinese celebrities’ names is constructed. Each entry are annotated with social and cultural labels including gender, birthplace, as well as Chinese character information labels such as Pinyin, strokes and character components. Based on this database, this paper selects names from 1919 to the present and explores Chinese names on character characteristics, gender differences, and diachronic changes. Quantatively, it is found that the female name characters are shorter, more complex but less diversified than those of men. Over the past centry, the use of personal names has become more monotonous and centralized, and the imagery of the characters significantly shifted around the reform and opening-up era. Besides, we also obtained the gender polarity characters table of the names, high-frequency characters table of each stage, characters change trend table, etc.