自然审美:视觉的与听觉的

Natural Appreciation:Visual and Auditory

当代西方自然美学和环境美学学者出于自身的学理合法性论证和美学建构的需要提出“多感官融入”式的自然审美理论,并在其中刻意淡化视听两种感官感觉的地位。然而这就容易走向另一个极端,即忽视视听审美原本具有的重要作用。关于自然的视觉审美,“如画”理论虽有关注形式特征、强调主体的组织化等不足之处,却依旧呈现了自然美特定的本质性维度,因而可以作为自然视觉审美的代表性范例。自然的听觉审美并不要求做出能得到普遍认同的审美判断,其独特之处正在于审美的多元化特征,想象的、具象的、隐喻的、类比的、气氛的等都是有价值的听觉审美方式。本文拟探讨建构一种无器官身体的“通感”审美,将自然的视觉审美与听觉审美统一起来,从而在本体论层面为当代自然美学的重建提供一种异于当代西方环境美学的自然审美经验和理论。

To legitimize their(sub)discipline,contemporary western scholars in the field of natural or environmental aesthetics have long advocated a theoretical stance featuring“multisensory integration”,in which they purposely downplay the once predominant role of visual and auditory perceptions.Plausible as it may first appear,this position in practice has demonstrated an alarming propensity to go to the other extreme,that is,to completely renounce the visual and auditory appreciations.The“picturesque”theory for one has been criticized for its overreliance on formality and subjectivity,whereas those concerning auditory sensations have been censured for their lack of universality.From my perspective,however,formality and subjectivity reveal an essential dimension of natural beauty while a lack of universality may prove that such theories are highly potent in bringing imagination,concretion,metaphor,analogy,and atmospheric considerations to the fold of environmental aesthetics.Thus,as ontologically opposed to the prevalent“multisensory integration”model,this article proposes a“synaesthesia”theory featuring“the body without organs”,a concept used by French philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari that focuses on both visual and auditory sensations.