手术患者术中压力性损伤的影响因素分析

Analysis of influencing factors of intraoperative pressure injury in surgical patients

目的 探讨手术患者发生术中压力性损伤(PI)的相关影响因素,并据此制订相应护理干预措施。方法 选取2019年2月—2020年1月在医院行手术治疗的患者114例,分析其术中压力性损伤的相关影响因素。结果 手术患者术中PI发生率为36.84%(42/114);单因素分析显示,手术时间、术中低体温、手术体位、局部潮湿、术前服用皮质类固醇药物、体位移动患者发生术中PI比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、性别、麻醉方式、体外循环手术患者发生术中PI比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:手术时间≥4 h、局部潮湿、特殊手术体位、术中低体温、术前服用皮质类固醇药物、体位移动是手术患者发生术中PI的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论手术患者发生术中PI与术中低体温、手术时间、局部潮湿、手术体位、体位移动、术前服用皮质类固醇药物密切相关,针对各因素制订相应的干预措施,有助于减少术中PI发生。

Objective To explore the related influencing factors of intraoperative pressure injury(PI) in surgical patients,and formulate corresponding nursing interventions accordingly was as the study subject.Methods A total of 114 patients who underwent surgical treatment in the hospital from February 2019 to January 2020were selected,and the related influencing factors of intraoperative pressure injury were analyzed.Results The incidence of intraoperative PI in surgical patients was 36.84%(42/114).Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in intraoperative PI in patients with operation time,intraoperative hypothermia,surgical position,local humidity,preoperative corticosteroid drug use,and body movement(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in age,body mass index(BMI),gender,anesthesia mode,and intraoperative PI in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery(P>0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the operation time ≥ 4 hours,local humidity,special surgical position,intraoperative hypothermia,preoperative use of corticosteroids,and body movement are influencing factors for intraoperative PI in surgical patients(P<0.05).Conclusion The occurrence of intraoperative PI in surgical patients was closely related to intraoperative hypothermia,operation time,local humidity,surgical position,body movement,and preoperative corticosteroid use.The development of corresponding intervention measures for each factor was helpful to reduce the occurrence of intraoperative PI.