车用燃料电池电堆关键技术研究现状

Current status of the research on key technologies of vehicle fuel cell stack

“双碳”政策大大推动了氢能的发展,而燃料电池作为氢能利用的最佳方式,迎来了新一轮的研究与产业热潮,尤其是商业化较为成熟的车用质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)引发了众多关注。膜电极(MEA)和双极板(BPP)是PEMFC电堆的两大核心部件,决定了电堆的性能和成本。水热管理和低温启动技术对于电堆性能的实现和实际应用的推广也起到了至关重要的作用。本文全面深入地阐述了车用PEMFC膜电极、双极板、水热管理、低温启动等技术对电堆性能、寿命和成本的影响规律,进一步指出各项技术的发展趋势。除此之外,车用燃料电池的商业化应用短期将围绕公共交通以及重型商用车等大型车辆开展,而乘用车对电堆的功率密度和成本提出了更高的要求。

The proposed“Double Carbon”policy has brought a broad prospect to the development of hydrogen energy.Fuel cell,as the best way of hydrogen energy utilization,has been embracing a new round of prosperity in research field and industry,and proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC),which is maturely developed in commercial vehicles,has gained more attention.Membrane electrode assembly(MEA)and bipolar plate(BPP)are two key components of PEMFC stacks,and they directly determine the cost and performance of the stacks.The technologies of water and thermal management and cold start also play vital roles for the realization of stack performance and the promotion of practical application.This article comprehensively illustrates the impact of various technologies above on the performance,lifespan and cost of stacks,and then points out their development trend.In addition,fuel cell vehicles will be applied as buses and heavy duty trucks in near future.And the application as passenger cars put forward higher requirements on power density and cost of stack.