鱼类性别控制育种研究进展

Research Progress on Sex Control Breeding of Fish

鱼类性别控制育种是水产遗传育种领域重要的研究方向之一。生殖内分泌调控、人工诱导雌核发育、种间杂交及分子标记辅助选育等技术被广泛用于养殖鱼类性别控制育种研究,已育成一批具有优良性状的单性养殖鱼类新品种。养殖鱼类基因组和功能基因组分析、性别决定与分化相关基因的发掘以及养殖鱼类高效特异基因编辑等前沿技术的建立,为养殖鱼类精准的性控育种新技术创建和新种质创制提供了重要的理论指导和技术支撑。概述了鱼类性别控制育种的理论基础以及性别控制技术的研究进展,以期为培育高产、优质和环境友好的单性养殖鱼类新品种提供理论指导及技术参考。

Sex control of fish is one of the important research interests in the field of genetic breeding of aquatic animals.Some biotechnologies,such as endocrine regulation of reproduction,artificially induced gynogenesis,cross breeding,and marker assisted selection breeding were wildly used to study sex control of farmed fishes,and a batch of monosex farmed fish varieties with excellent traits have been cultivated.The analysis of genome and functional genome of farmed fishes,the discovery of sex determination and differentiation related genes,and the establishment of cutting-edge biotechnologies such as efficient and specific gene editing have provided important theoretical guidance and technical support for the establishment of more precise sex control breeding technology and creation of new germplasm of farmed fishes.This paper reviewed the theoretical basis of fish sex control breeding and the research progress on fish sex control technology,which would provide theoretical and technical support for breeding high-yield,good-quality and environmentally friendly varieties of farmed fish.