遮阴对烤烟烟碱合成调控的影响

Effects of Shading on Nicotine Synthesis of Flue-cured Tobacco

为探究遮阴处理对烤烟各生育期次生代谢的影响,在大田条件下,测定和分析了不同遮阴程度下烤烟烟碱、烟碱前体、中间物质含量及烟碱合成酶基因相对表达量。结果表明:遮阴15~55 d,根部烟碱含量随生育期推进呈现先升高、后降低、再升高、最后降低的趋势,即呈双峰曲线;遮阴25~65 d,与对照相比,中重度遮阴处理显著增加多胺含量,最大增幅分别为40.05%、36.14%、36.27%、23.47%、162.40%;遮阴15~55 d,中重度遮阴处理的烤烟根部天冬氨酸含量都高于对照,最大增幅分别为7.01%、25.65%、253.85%、22.70%、89.28%;遮阴25~55 d,与对照相比,中重度遮阴处理显著增加NtPMT基因相对表达量,最大增幅分别为283.80%、85.97%、67.17%、54.59%,且遮阴15~45 d中重度遮阴显著增加NtADC基因相对表达量,最大增幅分别为85.97%、181.83%、103.93%、54.59%。因此,中重度遮阴通过增加根部游离氨基酸、多胺含量,且有利于NtPMT、NtADC基因的表达,从而降低烟碱合成。研究结果可为烟田烟叶烟碱含量的调控提供生产指导。

To explore the effects of different shading treatments on secondary metabolism of flue-cured tobacco at different growth stages,the contents of nicotine,nicotinic precursor,intermediate substance and relative expression of nicotinic synthase gene were determined and analyzed by covering different layers of shading net in the field.The results were followed.After shading 15~55 d,the content of nicotine in the root was increased first,then decreased,then increased,and finally decreased,which showed a bimodal curve.Compared with the control,moderate or severe shading could significantly increase the content of polyamine after shading 25~65 d,with the maximum increased ranges of 40.05%,36.14%,36.27%,23.47%and 162.40%,respectively.The contents of aspartic acid in the root with moderate or severe shading treatments were higher than that of control with the maximum increased ranges of 7.01%,25.65%,253.85%,22.70%and 89.28%,respectively,after shading 15~55 d.Compared with ontrol,moderate or severe shading significantly increased the relative expressions of NtPMT gene by 283.80%,85.97%,67.17%and 54.59%respectively,and the relative expressions of NtADC gene were significantly increased with moderate or severe shading for 15~45 d,with the maximum increased ranges of 85.97%,181.83%,103.93%and 54.59%,respectively.Therefore,moderate and severe shading could increase the contents of free amino acid and polyamine in the root,and be beneficial to enhance the relative expressions of NtPMT and NtADC genes,reduce the synthesis of nicotine,which provided production guidance for the regulation of nicotine content of tobacco leaves in tobacco field.