稻虾共作模式研究进展

Progress in Integrated Rice-crayfish Farming System

水稻(Oryza sativa)-克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii,以下称小龙虾)共作模式作为稻渔综合种养的重要模式,近些年在我国尤其是长江中下游地区发展迅速。综述了近10年来稻虾共作模式相关理论研究进展和产业发展情况。在理论研究方面,从稻田土壤、水质、生物多样性和温室气体排放等方面阐述了稻虾共作对稻田生态的影响;在技术研究方面,稻虾共作模式的推广有利于减少化肥、农药投入,可在稳定水稻播种面积的基础上达到虾稻同步增产、品质同步提升的效果,但稻虾产业的发展壮大还需进行产业结构优化和升级。与此同时,稻虾共作模式的发展还存在入侵风险、种质退化、“重虾轻稻”等问题,制约了稻虾共作模式的可持续发展。为推动稻虾共作模式研究和广泛应用,提出3点建议:建立稻田信息库和农情分析系统,对稻虾共作推广区域进行等级划分;推进产学研一体化,强化基础理论和集成技术模式研究;加强政策支持和技术服务,保障经营主体经济效益。

Integrated rice(Oryza sativa)-crayfish(Procambarus clarkii)farming system is considered as comprehensive farming system for rice and fisheries cultivation at the same time.In the recent years,it has developed rapidly in China,especially in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin.This paper reviewed the theoretical research progress and industrial development of rice-shrimp co-cropping mode in the past decade.In the view of theoretical research progress,the influence of integrated rice-crayfish farming system on paddy field ecology was clarified from the characteristics of paddy field soil,water quality,biodiversity and greenhouse gas emission.And in view of technical research progress,the development of green production technology of integrated rice-crayfish farming system was contributing in stabilizing the sown area and reducing the input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.At the same time,enhanced quality and output of paddy rice and crayfish had been observed.But for long term and large scaled development of rice-crayfish industry still needed to carry out industrial organization optimization and upgrading.Alongside,there were a small number of risky questions arise in the development of integrated rice-crayfish farming system,such as invasion risk,germplasm degradation,“only emphasizing crayfish,but neglecting rice”and so on.Such tricky questions restricted the sustainable development of integrated rice-crayfish farming system.In order to promote the research and wide application of integrated rice-crayfish farming system and cope such limitations,3 suggestions were put forwarded,establishing agricultural analysis system and information database about paddy field,classifying the promotion areas of rice-crayfish;strengthening the research of basic theory and integrated technology mode and at the same time promoting the integration of research,implementation and production;strengthening policy support and technical services to ensure the economic benefits of business entities.