基于土体有机重构的水肥耦合对土壤理化性质和水稻产量的影响

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Rice Soil and Yield Based on Soil Organic Reconstruction

为研究不同水肥耦合条件对有机重构土体土壤理化性质以及水稻生长发育和产量的影响,以陕西省韩城市下峪口土体有机重构土壤为试验基础,设置了3个灌溉水平:高水4 500 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W1)、适水3 750m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W2)和节水3 000 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W3);3个施肥水平:高肥162 kg·hm^(-2)(F1)、中肥135 kg·hm^(-2)(F2)以及低肥108kg·hm^(-2)(F3),共计9个处理,研究不同处理下土壤的理化性质以及水稻生长发育和产量的差异。结果表明,W2F1处理对土壤物理性质的改善效果较好,其土壤总孔隙度、大团聚体、水稳性团聚体以及微团聚体分别为48.16%、92.42%、28.47%和3.52%,均处在较高水平;且土壤pH和电导率均低于其他处理,分别为7.8和173μs·cm^(-1)。W2F2处理的保肥性能最佳,其土壤有机质含量、NH_(4)^(+)-N含量、有效磷和速效钾含量分别为14.35g·kg^(-1)、37.32 mg·kg^(-1)、19.62 mg·kg^(-1)和145.64 mg·kg^(-1),均处于较高水平;且水稻每平方米穗数、百粒重、产量均最高,分别为352 m^(-2)、2.03 g和25.28 kg·hm^(-2),净收益达9 506元·hm^(-2),投入产出比最小,为0.63。由此可见,产量和经济效益都表明,W2F2处理为本试验条件下最高产处理,为土体有机重构技术的推广提供理论依据。

In order to study the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on soil physical and chemical properties and rice yield in organically reconstituted soil,the organically reconstituted soil at Xiayukou of Hancheng in Shaanxi was experimental field,and nine treatments were set including 3 irrigation levels including high water 4 500 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W1),suitable water 3 750 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W2),water saving 3 000 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W3)and 3 fertilization levels induding high fertilizer 162 kg·hm^(-2)(F1),medium fertilizer 135 kg·hm^(-2)(F2)and low fertilizer 108 kg·hm^(-2)(F3). The physical and chemical properties of soil and the growth and yield of rice were determined in different treatments. The results showed that the content of total porosity,macro-aggregates,water-stable aggregates and micro-aggregates in soil treated with W2 F1 were higher with 48.16%,92.42%,28.47% and 3.52%,respectively;the soil pH and electrical conductivity were lower with 7.8 and 173 μs·cm^(-1),respectively,which had a better effect on improving physical properties of soil. The contents of organic matter,NH_(4)^(+)-N,available phosphorus and available potassium of soil in W2F2 treatment were 14.35 g·kg^(-1),37.32 mg·kg^(-1),19.62 mg·kg^(-1) and 145.64 mg·kg^(-1),respectively,which were all at high levels. So,the number of ears per square meter,100-grain weight,theoretical yield and actual yield were the highest in W2F2 treatment,which were 352 m-2,2.03 g,30.82 kg·hm^(-2) and 25.28 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.And the net income of W2F2 treatment reached 9 506 yuan·hm^(-2),and the input-output ratio was 0.63,which was the smallest. Based on economic benefits,the W2F2 treatment was the most productive treatment under the experimental conditions,which provided theoretical reference for the application of soil organic reconstruction technology.