试析过失不作为犯之结构与路径重塑

Analysis on Structure and Path Remolding of Negligent Negative Crime

新过失论视角下,过失不作为犯是一种独立的犯罪类型,经过内部要素的整合,可以展现出独特的内在逻辑。在过失不作为犯中,注意义务与作为义务属于交叉关系。当两种义务不重合时,必须严格区分客观层面的注意义务与作为义务;当两种义务重合时,应该优先判断作为义务,以发挥作为义务对注意义务的填补功能。具体来说,保证人地位可以发挥身份选择机能以限定注意义务违反主体,作为义务可以补强过失犯实行行为的违法性,作为可能性可以为判断结果回避义务提供基准。如此一来,过失不作为犯的判断结构能很好地融入从客观不法到主观责任的阶层化犯罪论体系中。

According to the perspective of the new negligence theory, the negligent negative crime is an independent type of crime, it can show unique internal logic through the integration of the internal elements.In negligent negative crime, the duty of care and the duty of action belong to the cross relationship, and their contents can not blend with each other. When the two obligations don’t overlap, it is necessary to strictly distinguish the duty of care and the duty of action on objective level. When the contents of the two kinds of obligations coincide, we should give priority to the judgment of the duty of action so as to fulfill the function of filling another obligation. Firstly, the guarantor’s status can play the role of identity selection to limit the subject of breach of duty of care. Secondly, the duty of action can strengthen the illegality of the negligent act.Finally, the act possibility can provide a benchmark for the judgment of the result evasion obligation. In this way,the judgment of negligent negative crime can be integrated into the theory of hierarchical criminal system from objective lawlessness to subjective responsibility.