“心具众理”与“心皆具是理”:朱陆“心”义之同异

"The Mind Has All Reasons" and "the Mind Has the Reason":the Similarities and Differences of Zhu and Lu’s "Mind" Meaning

朱陆“心”义之同在于,朱陆皆认为由于心之虚灵,故心能知觉思虑,而且此知觉思虑之心兼有善恶的意义;朱陆“心”义之异根本在于,朱熹“心具众理”命题强调心所具有的是万事万物的殊别之理,而陆九渊“心皆具是理”命题强调本心所具有的是同一共同之理。朱陆之辨的根本差异不在于“性即理”与“心即理”,而在于“心具众理”与“心皆具是理”。对于明“理”的目的,朱熹从“心具众理”出发,主张通过“格物穷理”而复“吾心之全体大用无不明”;陆九渊从“心皆具是理”出发,主张通过“格此物致此知”和“发明本心”以明得此同一共同之理。朱陆“心”义之差异缘于朱陆对于程颐的思想的不同态度,以及陆九渊更倾心于孔孟之道“一以贯之”的易简。

The difference between Zhu and Lu’s meaning of "mind" lies in the fact that Zhu Xi’s proposition that "the mind has all reasons" emphasizes that the mind has different reasons for everything, while Lu Jiuyuan’s proposition that "the mind has the reason" emphasizes that the mind has the same common reason. The difference between Zhu Xi and Lu is that Zhu Xi’s proposition that "the mind has all reasons" emphasizes that the mind has different reasons for all things, while Lu Jiuyuan’s proposition that "the mind has the reason" emphasizes that the mind has the same common reason. The fundamental difference between Zhu and Lu lies not in "nature is reason" and "mind is reason", but in "mind has all reasons" and "mind has the reason". For the purpose of understanding "reason", Zhu Xi starts from "the mind has all reasons", and advocates that through the "grammatical and rational" and restore "the whole of my mind’s great use is always clear " Lu Jiuyuan from "the mind has the reason", advocates through "this object to this knowledge" and "invent the original mind" to get this same common reason. The difference between Zhu and Lu in the meaning of "mind" is due to the different attitudes of Zhu and Lu towards Cheng Yi’s thought, and Lu Jiuyuan’s preference for the easy simplicity of the "consistent" way of Confucius and Mencius.