论“伪”在荀子哲学思想中的地位

On the Position of "Pseudo" in Xunzi’s Philosophical Thoughts

荀子作为先秦儒家的重要代表人物,其吸收融合了诸子百家的思想,以至于使其思想体系看起来很驳杂,招致很多学者的批判,甚至认为其是儒家之歧出。其实不然,通过梳理荀子的思想脉络,就可以发现,荀子的思想虽然看似驳杂,其实有一个一以贯之的思想,即“伪”的思想。“伪”之概念意在强调“人为”性,突出人的作用。这个思想贯穿于荀子哲学的始终,涵摄着他的诸多思想。无论在人性论、学论、礼论、政治论等思想中,均可体现这一思想。而且“伪”也是理解荀子哲学的关键所在,只有看到了这一点,才能明白其哲学的归向问题。

Xunzi, as an important figure of Pre-Qin Confucianism, absorbed and integrated the thoughts of various schools of thought, so that his ideological system looked very complex, which led to the criticism of many scholars and even was regraded as the divergence of Confucianism. In fact, it is not. By combing the ideological context of Xunzi, we can find that although Xunzi’ s thought seems complex, there is a consistent thought, that is,the "pseudo" thought. The concept of "pseudo" is intended to highlight the role of "artificial". This thought runs through Xunzi’ s philosophy and contains many of his thoughts. This thought can be embodied in the theories of human nature, learning, etiquette and politics. Moreover, "pseudo" is also the key to understand Xunzi’ s philosophy. Only by seeing this can we understand the direction of Xunzi’ s philosophy.