PM_(2.5)与臭氧污染形成机制及协同防控思路

Formation Mechanism and Management Strategy of Cooperative Control of PM_(2.5) and O_(3)

近年来,我国总体上呈现出PM_(2.5)浓度显著降低,臭氧(O_(3))浓度波动上升的趋势,对我国大气复合污染协同治理提出了严峻的挑战.厘清PM_(2.5)与O_(3)污染形成机制,对于制定PM_(2.5)与O_(3)协同治理策略具有重要意义.本文在较为全面地梳理现有研究基础上,分析了PM_(2.5)与O_(3)污染的形成机制及影响二者关联性的因素,介绍了PM_(2.5)与O_(3)协同防控治理的内涵与思路.结果表明:PM_(2.5)与O_(3)浓度呈高度非线性关系,二者相关性受光照辐射强度、光照时长、风速、相对湿度、地表边界层高度以及经度差异等外界环境因素影响.PM_(2.5)与O_(3)的协同控制应主要从控制反应前体物排放着手,主要包括管控NO_(x)、VOCs、HONO、NH3以及人为氯等排放.研究显示:目前我国在PM_(2.5)与O_(3)协同防控中存在基础科学研究不足和污染控制管理不完善的问题,在未来还需要重视多个尺度和空间维度的PM_(2.5)与O_(3)复合污染机理研究、模拟试验研究和预测演变研究,为制定更加准确、量化、高效的控制对策提供支撑;同时,需要加强前体物排放管理力度,完善国家级、省级层面的联防联控机制以及加快科研成果转化,为未来治理PM_(2.5)与O_(3)复合污染提供经验支持.

In recent years,China has witnessed a significant decrease in PM_(2.5) concentration,but an upward trend in O_(3) concentration,raising a new challenge to the coordinated control of China′s complex air pollution.It is of great significance to clarify the formation mechanism of PM_(2.5) and O_(3) pollution.This paper comprehensively reviews the dominant mechanism and key factors controlling PM_(2.5) and O_(3) formation,and provides an insight for the prevention and coordinated control of PM_(2.5) and O_(3).This research demonstrates the nonlinear response between PM_(2.5) and O_(3),which is closely related to the light radiation intensity,light duration,wind speed,relative humidity,atmospheric boundary layer height,longitude difference and other external environmental factors.We suggest that the collaborative control of PM_(2.5) and O_(3) should focus on the emission of gaseous precursors,such as NO_(x),VOCs,HONO,NH3 and anthropogenic chlorine.This work shows that there are still some problems in the collaborative control of PM_(2.5) and O_(3) in China,such as the lack of basic scientific research and the inefficiency of air pollution control management.In the future,the government should further enhance the research on the formation mechanism,model simulation and prediction experiment of this complex air pollution on different scales.We emphasize that stronger and more effective management on source emission control,more support and innovation of scientific research achievements,and more refined coordinated management strategies are needed at the national and provincial levels,so as to provide support for more accurate and efficient air pollution control strategies for PM_(2.5) and O_(3) pollution in the future.