基于景观聚类的南昌市主城区城乡梯度识别及其生态系统服务响应

Urban-Rural Gradient Identification and Ecosystem Service Response in Main Urban Area of Nanchang Based on Landscape Clustering

探讨基于景观聚类的南昌市主城区景观及生态系统服务在城乡梯度变化下的空间特征,为城乡生态系统服务分类保护与利用提供参考.以城乡地理环境差异较大的南昌市主城区为研究区,基于景观聚类的城乡梯度分类方法,对831个村级尺度单元进行梯度分类,并将分类结果与基于模型法测算出的生态系统服务数值关联,分析4种生态系统服务的城乡梯度特征.结果表明:①基于景观聚类的分类方法生成了5种梯度类型村(城市、近郊村、远郊村、农业村与生态村),各类型村的景观结构差异明显.②南昌市主城区不同类型村具有不同的空间区位与集聚特征,与当地的城乡地理环境特征相适应,城市化、农业活动与自然环境共同驱动研究区的城乡梯度分异.③沿着城乡梯度,主城区生境质量、碳储量可划分为两个增长梯级,食物供给与游憩机会分别呈倒“U”与“V”型的梯度变化特征.在城乡梯度中,食物供给与游憩机会、碳储量之间的关系以权衡性为主导,生境质量与游憩机会之间的关系以协同性为主,生境质量与食物供给分别在农业村与生态村呈现为协同关系与权衡关系.研究显示,对城乡梯度及其生态系统服务响应的分析,有助于深化生态系统服务的空间异质性研究,利于城乡生态系统服务的提质增值与协同管理.

The spatial heterogeneity of landscape and ecosystem services can be made clear by using urban-rural gradient recognition based on landscape clustering.Here,we consider the main urban area of Nanchang with significant differences in urban and rural geographical environments,and apply an urban-rural gradient classification method based on landscape clustering.We classify 831 village-scale units,correlate the classification results with the ecosystem service values calculated by the equivalent factor method,and analyze the urban-rural gradient characteristics of four ecosystem service values.The results show that:(1)Five gradient types are dominant(urban,suburban village,exurban village,agricultural village and ecological village),and the landscape structure of each type of village is significantly different.(2)Different types of villages in the main urban area of Nanchang have different spatial locations and agglomeration characteristics,which adapt to the characteristics of local urban and rural geographical environments.Urbanization,agricultural activities and natural environment jointly drive the urban-rural gradient differentiation in the main urban area.(3)The habitat quality and carbon sequestration services in the main urban area can be divided into two growth stages along the urban-rural gradient.The food production and recreation areas are characterized by inverted‘U’and‘V’gradients,respectively.The relationship between food supply and recreation areas and carbon sequestration services in the urban-rural gradient is dominated by trade-offs.The relationship between habitat quality and recreation areas is dominated by synergy,and the habitat quality and food supply services are synergistic,and trade-off dominated in agricultural villages and ecological villages,respectively.The analysis of urban-rural gradients and their ecosystem service responses yields a deeper understanding of the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services,which is conducive to the improvement,appreciation,and synergetic management of urban-rural ecosystem services.