先秦两汉简帛文献中的外科病名研究

A Study of Surgical Disease Names in Documents on Bamboo Slips and Silk in Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties

先秦两汉简帛医学文献是研究我国早期医学起源与发展的重要参考资料,填补了中国医学史发展的空缺,其中外科疾病的记载最为丰富,现通过对先秦两汉时期简帛文献中的外科病名进行整理分析,发现外科疾病命名以症状、病因、病位等单一要素或多要素组合为主要方式,并总结其具有名实不副,病症混杂;标本合一,权衡标本;观物取象,取象比类;病先于证,辨病为主的主要特点,通过简帛文献中外科病名的研究,以管窥当时人们传统医学思维方式和对中医疾病观认识。

The bamboo slips and silk medical literature of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties is an important reference for the study of the origin and development of early medicine in China,which fills the gap in the development of Chinese medical history.Among them,surgical diseases are the most abundant.This paper analyzes the names of surgical diseases in the bamboo slips and silk literature of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties,and finds that the names of surgical diseases are based on single or multiple factors such as symptoms,etiology,and location.Then it draws a conclusion on its characteristics:miscellaneous disease names and symptoms;united identification on phenomenon and essence;drawing analogies by observing;disease precedes symptoms,diagnose on disease rather than symptoms.Through the study of the names of surgical diseases in bamboo and silk documents,we can have a glimpse of people's traditional medical thinking mode and understanding of Traditional Chinese Medicine disease view at that time.