云南山地胶园土壤肥力空间变化特征

Spatial variation of soil fertility in Yunnan mountainous plantation

对云南西双版纳、普洱、红河、临沧植胶区的16个橡胶种植农场开展系统规模化的土壤肥力普查及评价,以全面了解云南山地胶园的土壤肥力特征,为云南山地胶园橡胶树施肥方案制定和土壤质量提升提供依据。研究结果表明,云南山地胶园土壤肥力空间变异较大,不同植胶区胶园土壤肥力状况不尽相同,同一植胶区不同农场胶园土壤肥力状况亦有差异。云南植胶区土壤全氮含量为0.13~3.30 g/kg,平均为1.42 g/kg;有机质含量为4.42~55.55 g/kg,平均为21.09 g/kg;有效磷含量为0.31~235.00 mg/kg,平均为11.74 mg/kg;速效钾含量为0.65~427.70 mg/kg,平均为59.46 mg/kg。土壤有效磷、速效钾含量变异系数较大,依次为88.50%、69.95%;全氮、有机质含量变异系数相对较小,依次为24.15%、25.99%。云南胶园土壤普遍缺磷和有机质,有效磷缺乏比率高达82.13%,有机质缺乏比率为46.10%,27.35%的土壤缺速效钾,土壤全氮含量基本正常或丰富。

An experiment was conducted to fully understand soil fertility characteristic and to provide the basis for making special fertilizer formula for Yunnan rubber plantation.Soil fertilities of 16 farms were surveyed systematically and evaluated in Xishuangbanna,Pu’er,Honghe and Lincang rubber tree planting regions.The results showed that spatial variation of soil fertility was large in Yunnan mountainous plantation,while soil nutritional status was not the same in different plantations and farms.Soil total nitrogen content in Yunnan rubber plantation was 0.13~3.30 g/kg,with an average of 1.42 g/kg;Organic matter content was 4.42~55.55 g/kg,with an average of 21.09 g/kg;Available phosphorus content was 0.31~235.00 mg/kg,with an average of 11.74 mg/kg;Available potassium content was 0.65~427.70 mg/kg,with an average of 59.46 mg/kg.Variation coefficients of soil fertility were available phosphorus>available potassium>organic matter>total nitrogen,which were 88.50%,69.95%,25.99% and 24.15%,respectively.The soil was generally deficient in phosphorus and organic matter in Yunnan rubber plantation.The deficiency ratio of available phosphorus was 82.13%,organic matter was 46.10%,and available potassium was 27.35%.But the total nitrogen in soil was normal or abundant.