绿肥对设施青椒产量品质及土壤理化性状的影响

Effects of green manure on yield and quality of green pepper and soil physical and chemical properties in greenhouse

采用设施大棚开展试验,设置了黑麦、毛叶苕子、箭筈豌豆、燕麦、油菜、小葵子和对照7个处理,研究绿肥对设施青椒产量、品质和土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明:(1)绿肥处理能显著降低土壤的电导率(EC值),其中燕麦处理的土壤EC值降低比例最高,比对照处理降低了52.0μS/cm,其他绿肥处理的降低比例为6.3%~18.8%。(2)绿肥处理能够提高土壤全量养分的含量,油菜处理和小葵子处理的土壤全氮含量要显著高于其他处理,黑麦处理的土壤全磷含量高于其他处理,小葵子处理的土壤全钾含量在各处理中为最高。(3)绿肥处理能够降低设施蔬菜0~100 cm各土层土壤中硝态氮的含量,减少硝态氮淋失对地下水的污染,能够提高土壤有效磷的含量,小葵子降低硝态氮的幅度在各处理中为最大,其中黑麦处理提高速效钾的幅度最大。(4)各绿肥处理均提高了土壤脲酶和多酚氧化酶的活性,毛叶苕子处理的提高幅度均为最大,与对照相比分别提高了18.0%和39.1%;绿肥处理能够提高细菌和真菌的数量;燕麦和油菜处理的细菌数量分别提高了11.0和7.3倍,箭筈豌豆处理的真菌数量提高了6.6倍。(5)各处理设施青椒的产量为4506.2~4625.7 kg/hm^(2),燕麦处理的产量在各处理中最高,为4625.7 kg/hm^(2)。箭筈豌豆和燕麦处理能够提高设施青椒维生素C的含量,分别提高了21.0%和7.9%。燕麦处理可减少设施青椒的硝酸盐含量,减少了20.1%。在设施青椒种植中,绿肥能够有效地缓解土壤盐渍化,且可减轻硝态氮淋失、提高有效磷和速效钾养分、全量养分和有机质的含量,燕麦对于提高设施青椒品质的综合效果较为显著,值得推广应用。

The experiment was carried out in a facility greenhouse,and seven treatments,including rye,Vicia villosa Roth,Vicia sativa L.,oat,rape,Guizotia abyssinica Cass.and control,to study the effects of green manure on the yield,quality and soil physical and chemical properties of greenhouse green pepper.The result showed that:(1)Green manure treatment significantly reduced the electrical conducticity(EC value)of soil,in which oat treatment had the highest reduction rate,which was 52.00μS/cm lower than the control,and the reduction ratio of other green manure treatments was 6.27%~18.80%.(2)Green manure treatments improved soil total nutrient contents.The soil total nitrogen content of rape and Guizotia abyssinica Cass.treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments,the total phosphorus content of rye treatment was the highest and the soil total potassium content of Guizotia abyssinica Cass.treatment was the highest among all treatments.(3)Green manure treatment reduced the content of nitrate nitrogen in 0~100 cm soil layer of greenhouse vegetables,reduced the pollution of nitrate leaching to groundwater,and increased the content of soil available phosphorus.The nitrate nitrogen reduction range of Guizotia abyssinica Cass.seed was the largest among all treatments,and rye treatment had the largest increase of available potassium.(4)All green manure treatments improved the activities of soil urease and polyphenol oxidase.The treatments of the Vicia villosa Roth treatment had the largest increase,which increased by 18.0% and 39.1%,respectively,compared with the control.Green manure treatment increased the number of bacteria and fungi.The number of bacteria treated with oat and rape was increased by 11.0 and 7.3 times,respectively.The number of fungi treated with Vicia sativa L.increased by 6.6 times.(5)The yield of green pepper ranged from 4506.2 to 4625.7 kg/hm^(2),and oat treatment had the highest yield of 4625.7 kg/hm^(2).Vicia sativa L.and oat increased the vitamin C content of green pepper by 21.0% and 7.9%,respectively.Oat treatment reduced nitrate content of green pepper by 20.1%.In greenhouse green pepper planting,green manure can effectively alleviate soil salinization,reduce nitrate leaching,and increase the contents of available phosphorus and potassium,total nutrients and organic matter.The comprehensive effect of oat on improving the quality of greenhouse green peppers is more significant,and it is worthy of popularization.