冕宁烤烟推荐施肥关键参数试验研究

The key parameters of recommended fertilization management of flue-cured tobacco in Mianning

为了研究凉山冕宁烟区烤烟养分管理的关键参数,以当地主栽品种云烟87为试验材料,采用田间试验探讨了不同氮、磷、钾施肥水平对云烟87产量、养分吸收利用规律和肥料效应的影响。结果表明:氮、磷、钾对凉山烟区烤烟产量的影响大小表现为氮>磷>钾;不同处理中,处理Ⅵ(N 90 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)90 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 270 kg/hm^(2))产量最高,为3107.2 kg/hm^(2),氮、磷、钾肥料利用率表现最优,分别为31.1%、3.2%、15.2%,农学利用率分别为9.17、7.48、1.91 kg/kg,偏生产力分别为34.52、34.52、11.51 kg/kg;用二元二次回归方程对氮、磷肥用量和烟叶产量进行拟合,方程为y=1584.273+19.44N+14.162P-0.007NP-0.115N^(2)-0.071P^(2)(R^(2)=0.8300);综合烟叶产量、肥料利用效率和经济效益,冕宁烟区氮、磷、钾推荐量分别为81~90、90~95、270 kg/hm^(2);根据烤烟养分吸收规律,建议氮、钾肥采用基追肥方式,追肥于移栽后6~7周进行。养分管理关键参数的确定,有助于指导当地烤烟科学施肥。

In order to study the key parameters of nutrient management in flue-cured tobacco-growing regions of Mianning county,Liangshan district,a field experiment was conducted to explore the influence of different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium rates on yield,characteristics of nutrient absorption and utilization and fertilizer functions using the tobacco cultivar Yunyan87.The results showed that the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on flue-cured tobacco yield in Liangshan tobacco growing area were as follows:nitrogen>phosphorus>potassium.Treatment Ⅵ(N 90 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)90 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 270 kg/hm^(2))achieved the highest yield which was 3107.2 kg/hm^(2) among all the 9 treatments,and it had the best nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer utilization rates which were 31.1%,3.2% and 15.2%,agronomic utilization rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 9.17,7.48,1.91 kg/kg,and the partial productivity of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 34.52,34.52,11.51 kg/kg,respectively.The yield to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application was simulated by the binary quadratic fertilizer response function which was y=1584.273+19.44N+14.162P-0.007NP-0.115N^(2)-0.071P^(2)(R^(2)=0.8300).According to the yield,fertilizer use efficiency and benefit synthetically,it is suggested that the recommended application rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 81~90,90~95,270 kg/hm^(2),respectively.According to the effects on nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorption and accumulation in tobacco plants,it is suggested that N and K fertilizer should be applied in the way of base application combined with topdressing,amd topdressing should be carried out in 6~7 weeks after transplanting.The determination of key parameters of nutrient management is helpful to guide the scientific fertilization of local flue-cured tobacco.