“德福一致”何以可能:“加速社会”中的德育危机与理念再造

How the "Consistency Between Morality and Happiness" Is Possible:Moral Education Crisis and Concept Reengineering in the "Accelerating Society"

"德福一致"是人们追求的理想生活状态,也是诸多思想家一直关注和思考的经典命题。从亚里士多德到康德到马克思等,无论是"解释世界"的范式还是"改变世界"的范式,都彰显出道德、幸福、教育之间的密切关系。从功能维度来看,德育是实现"德福一致"的一种重要方式;从规范维度来看,"德福一致"是德育的重要价值导向。在"加速社会"中,以"德福一致"为价值导向的德育面临着三重危机:以价值秩序的重构为特征的价值危机、以自治承诺的违背与多重异化为特征的环境危机和以"去同步化"病状为特征的实践危机。应对这三种德育危机需理念再造,其中,"共鸣"理念可为理解和实现"德福一致"以及现代德育发展提供一种关系性维度和新规范,"后增长社会"理念从缓解德育与外部环境的同步化压力出发有助于解决道德困境和幸福困境。

The "consistency between morality and happiness" is an ideal state of life pursued by people,and a classic topic that many thinkers have been concerned about. All the paradigms used to "explain the world" or "change the world" by Aristotle,Kant,or Marx showed the close relationship between morality,happiness and education. Functionally,moral education remains an important way to achieve the "consistency between morality and happiness";normatively,the "consistency between morality and happiness" is an important value orientation of moral education. In the "accelerating society," moral education guided by the value of the "consistency between morality and happiness" is facing three crises:the value crisis characterized by the reconstruction of the order of value,the environmental crisis characterized by both the violation of the commitment to autonomy and multiple alienation,and the practice-oriented crisis characterized by "desynchronization." To deal with these moral education crises,we need to rebuild new concepts. Among them,the concept of "resonance" can afford a relational dimension and a new norm to understand and achieve the "consistency between morality and happiness" and the development of modern moral education;the concept of "post-growth society" helps to alleviate the synchronized pressure from moral education and the external environment,and solve moral and happiness-related dilemmas.