土壤病毒的研究进展与应用前景

Research advances and application prospect of soil viruses

病毒是地球上数量最多的生物实体,在调控宿主群落组成、推动宿主进化及影响土壤元素的生物地球化学循环等方面起着非常重要的作用。概括了环境病毒的研究历史及发展现状,揭示了病毒生态学的发展历程;分析了土壤病毒生态学常用研究方法(包括表型、基因多样性、宏基因组、生物信息学分析等),阐述了土壤病毒的多样性、病毒在土壤生态系统中的生态功能;展望了环境噬菌体的应用(噬菌体疗法)及发展前景。

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on the planet and have important roles in microbial community composition,host evolution and nutrient biogeochemical cycles.Firstly,this article summarizes the research history and development status of environmental viruses and reveals the development process of virus ecology,with focuses on comparative approaches to study soil viral ecology including phenotype,gene diversity,metagenomic,bioinformatics analysis,etc.Then based on these approaches,soil viruses diversity is expounded and the ecological function of soil viruses is further explored.Finally,the application and development prospects of environmental phages(phage therapy)are reviewed and prospected.