土壤活性氮气体排放研究进展

Soil reactive nitrogen gases emission:A review

氮肥的不合理施用导致土壤活性氮气体(Nr,包括N_(2)O、HONO、NO_(x)、NH_(3)等)过度排放,严重威胁着生态环境和人类健康。综述了土壤Nr排放的主要途径,探讨了土壤微生物过程、施肥、土壤温度、土壤水分含量、耕作方式及其他调控因素对土壤N_(r)排放的影响,总结了土壤N_(r)排放通量估算的研究现状。提出未来的研究还需结合多种手段,例如宏观与微观结合、多学科交叉、GIS技术与机理模型相结合、宏基因组测序技术、遥感观测等技术,深入探究土壤N_(r)排放的关键机制、驱动因素和空间格局,以及在全球变化和碳中和背景下土壤N_(r)排放的响应,完善土壤N_(r)排放估算模型,为有效控制和减少大气N_(r)污染、提高空气质量、优化氮肥利用提供科学依据和指导。

Improper application of nitrogen fertilizers may lead to excessive emissions of soil nitrogen gases(N;,including N_(2)O,HONO,NO_(x),NH_(3),etc.),which may seriously threaten the ecological environment and human health.Emission of N_(r)from soil involves a variety of biotic and abiotic processes,which have complex mutual interactions.Soil physical and chemical properties,fertilization factors,climate,etc.will all affect the production and emission of soil N_(r)to a certain extent.This paper summarizes the current research status of soil N_(r)emission processes,regulatory factors,and soil N_(r)emission flux estimation.We further argue that future research should adopt a variety of methods,such as the combination of macro and micro studies,multi-disciplinary cross studies,combination of GIS technology and mechanic modelling,metagenomics sequencing,remote sensing observation and other techniques,and so on.More work should focus on in-depth exploration of key mechanisms,driving factors and spatial patterns of soil N_(r)emissions,as well as the response of soil N_(r)emissions to global change and carbon neutrality,and improving estimation models of soil N_(r)emission.This review provides a scientific basis and guidance for effectively controlling and reducing atmospheric N_(r)pollution,improving air quality and optimizing nitrogen fertilizer utilization.