多语产出中迁移研究的比较——归纳方法框架

Comparison-induction Methodological Framework for Transfer Research in Multilingual Production

多语习得已经成为应用语言学的研究热点,其中多语者各语言的互相影响(即语言迁移)是核心问题之一。近二十多年来,前人在多语词汇和语法习得研究中发现了各类迁移的证据,但这些研究在数据类型及来源、迁移判断方法、个体与组群关系等方面还存在一些不足。鉴于此,本文在借鉴前人的理论、吸收前人研究方法的有益成分并提出迁移定义的基础上,提出多语产出中迁移研究的比较—归纳方法框架(包括2个层面和8个步骤)。该框架适用于分析多语者个人与组群在三语或二语产出中发生正、负语言层迁移和概念迁移的情况。

In multilingual acquisition, an increasing hot topic in applied linguistics, how a learner’s multiple languages influence each other(i.e., language transfer) is one of the central issues. In the last two decades, previous studies on lexical and grammatical acquisition have accumulated much evidence for various types of transfer. But most of them are flawed in the types of and sources of data, ways in determining transfer, and the relation between individuals and a group. To this end, this paper proposes a new definition of transfer and a comparison-induction methodological framework for transfer in multilingual production, after critically reviewing prior definitions and empirical studies. This framework, consisting of two levels and eight steps, are applicable to investigating positive and negative linguistic transfer and conceptual transfer in multilinguals’ L3 and L2 production.