异味污染关键致臭物质精准识别研究进展

Advances and perspectives on accurate identification technology for key odour substances in odor pollution

围绕国内外致臭物质的识别方法,论述国内外相关研究的概况,并指出现有研究存在的不足之处。结果表明:目前致臭物质识别方法较为单一,气味活度值法是当前致臭物质筛选的常规方法,但实际应用发现,筛选结果具有一定偏差;气相色谱-嗅觉测定法在技术上较为先进,实现了化学浓度和感官评价同时分析,但存在分析时间长、对嗅辨员要求较高等问题。据此,为更好的解决关键致臭物质识别难题,构建我国异味污染关键致臭物质识别技术方法体系,建议从以下4个方面开展研究:(1)建立完善的异味物质检测方法体系,解决异味物质检测难的问题;(2)完善我国异味物质嗅阈值数据库,解决嗅阈值缺失及数值不统一问题;(3)开展异味物质间相互作用研究,解决致臭机理不明问题,为致臭物质的识别提供理论支撑;(4)建立多种方法联用识别技术方法,解决单一识别方法支撑力不足问题。

The key odorant provides a vital indicator for the odor detection,evaluation and control.This paper reviews the keyodorant identification methods around the world,including their weakness,and gives a proposal.It is shown that the OdorActivity Value(OAV),the common method,suffers a large deviation,because its application is limited by the two dimensions ofthe substance concentration and the olfactory threshold.In addition,the odor activity value method is based on the fact that thereis no interaction between various substances,without considering the synergy or the antagonism between the substances.The gaschromatography olfactometry(GC-O)is a more advanced technology,which can realize the simultaneous analysis of the chemicalconcentration and the sensory evaluation.However,the sample analysis for this method takes a long time and requires theolfactory discriminator at a high level,so a rapid screening is not possible.In conclusion,there are several aspects to beconsidered in the future:establishing a systematic method to enhance the ability to identify the odorant;improving the odorthreshold database to complete the odor thresholds and inconsistent values;studying the odor mechanism and the interactionbetween odorous substances to provide a theoretical research basis;developing multiple methods to advance the detectability.