受贿罪之罪刑均衡实证研究

Empirical Study of the Crime Equaling Punishment in Bribery Crime

对一万六千余份受贿罪判决书的实证研究发现,2016年贪污贿赂司法解释施行之后,受贿罪量刑存在10年以上监禁刑档虚设、罚金幅度过于集中的问题。造成这些问题的原因有:10年以上档的受贿金额下限设定过高,罚金刑分档金额的设置不合理。罪刑均衡原则在受贿罪中具体实现时呈现出相对均衡与绝对均衡的矛盾。这一矛盾需要符合正态分布的分档配刑和具有区分惩罚功能的罚金刑予以调和。因此,应当调低10年以上档的受贿金额下限,以使得受贿罪量刑在各档的分布符合正态分布;应当改善罚金刑各档的上下限值,以消除监禁刑相对受贿金额的边际递减效应,并据此得到罚金刑与监禁刑、受贿金额之间的数学关系。

Based on the empirical study of more than 16000 bribery judgments,it is found that after the judicial interpretation of corruption and bribery in 2016,there are too few applications of more than 10 years’imprisonment,and excessive concentration of fines.The reasons for these problems are:the lower limit of the imprisonment of more than 10 years is set too high,and the upper and lower limits of the fine punishment are unreasonable.The realization of the principle of crime equaling punishment in bribery crime presents contradictive requirements from relative equaling and absolute equaling.This contradiction needs to be reconciled with the normal distribution of graded punishment and fine punishment with the function of distinguishing punishment.Therefore,it is necessary to reduce the minimum limit for the over 10 years’imprisonment,so as to make the distribution of bribery sentencing in each imprisonment category conform to the normal distribution.It is necessary to improve the upper and lower limit values of each category of fine penalty,so as to eliminate the marginal decreasing effect of imprisonment penalty relative to the amount of bribe taken,and thus obtain the mathematical relationship between fine penalty,imprisonment penalty and the amount of bribe taken.