大学新生罹患精神障碍现况调查及影响因素分析

A survey of mental illness among university freshmen and analysis of its influencing factors-Based on Xi’an Technology University

目的 了解大学新生罹患精神疾病的患病率及相关因素。方法 对西安某大学2019级新生采用自制问卷进行调查,问卷内容包括个人信息、社会心理因素及精神障碍史。结果 5221名新生完成了调查问卷,其中350人既往被医疗机构确诊为精神疾病,罹患率为6.7%;其中抑郁障碍94人(1.8%),焦虑障碍94人(1.8%),强迫障碍152人(2.9%),双相情感障碍4人(0.1%),其他精神障碍6人(0.1%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,幼年抚养人为非亲生父母比值比(odd ratio,OR)=1.727(95%置信区间(95%confidence interval,95%CI):1.344~2.219);家族三代精神病史阳性OR=2.111(95%CI:1.326~3.360);童年心理创伤史OR=6.051(95%CI:4.725~7.750);独生子女OR=1.436(95%CI:1.119~1.844)与精神疾病患病有关。结论 大学新生精神健康问题不容忽视,幼年抚养人为非亲生父母、家族三代精神病史阳性、童年心理创伤史和独生子女是其罹患精神疾病的影响因素。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of mental illness among university freshmen and its related factors. Methods 2019 grade freshmen of a University in Xi’an were investigated by personal information questionnaire,the questionnaire includes personal information,social and psychological factors,and a history of mental disorders. Results 5221 freshmen completed the questionnaire,350 of them had previously been diagnosed with mental illness by medical institutions,the incidence rate was 6.7%;94 of them were depression disorder(1.8%),94 were anxiety disorder(1.8%),152 were obsessive-compulsive disorder(2.9%),4 were bipolar disorder(0.1%),and 6 were other mental disorders(0.1%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that non parental caregiver in childhood OR =1.727(95% CI:1.344-2.219),the positive family history of mental illness OR=2.111(95% CI:1.326-3.360),the history of childhood psychological trauma OR = 6.051(95% CI:4.725-7.750)and the one-child OR= 1.436(95% CI:1.119-1.844)were independent risk factors. Conclusion The mental health problems of freshmen can not be ignored. Non parental caregiver in childhood,the positive family history of mental illness,the history of childhood psychological trauma and the one-child are the independent risk factors for mental disorder in freshmen.