日粮不同能蛋比对“巴×八”二元猪生长性能、体尺和粪便微生物区系的影响

Effect of different dietary energy-protein ratios on growth performance,body size and fecal microflora of duality of ’Berkshire pigs×Bamei pigs’

试验探究日粮不同能蛋比对“巴×八”二元猪生长性能、体尺及粪便微生物多样性的影响。选取年龄、体重相近的27头“巴×八”二元猪,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复3头猪。各组猪分别饲喂不同能蛋比日粮(DE/CP:0.96∶1、0.87∶1、0.80∶1)。结果显示:随着日粮能蛋比水平降低,猪的平均日增重呈上升趋势,G2组猪的平均日采食量显著低于其他两组(P<0.05)。对3组样本的粪便进行16S rRNA测序,共获得423个操作分类单元(OTU),分别属于14个门和177个属。3组样本优势菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、螺旋体门(Spirochaetota)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)。厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比值分别为G1组26.51、G2组37.07、G3组26.75;属水平上,G1和G2组优势菌属为梭菌属(Clostridium)、土孢杆菌属(Terrisporobacter)和Turicibacter, G3组优势菌属为梭菌属(Clostridium)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)以及土孢杆菌属(Terrisporobacter)。能蛋比低的日粮能够提高颤螺旋菌属(Oscillospira)、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、Butyricicoccaceae的相对丰度,显著降低毛螺菌属(Lachnospiraceae)的相对丰度(P<0.05)。颤螺菌属(Oscillospira)与平均日增重呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与料重比呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)与饲料消耗量和平均日增重等指标呈显著正相关(P<0.05),Butyricicoccaceae与体重、背膘厚等指标呈显著正相关(P<0.05),毛螺菌属(Lachnospiraceae)与体重、体长、胸围等指标呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。研究表明,“巴×八”二元猪日粮适宜能蛋比水平为0.80∶1。

The experiment explored effect of different dietary energy-protein ratios on growth performance, body size and fecal microbial diversity of ’Berkshire pigs×Bamei pigs’. The 27 duality of ’Berkshire pigs×Bamei pigs’ of similar age and weight were randomly divided into three groups, with three replicates in each group and three pigs in each replicate. Pigs in each group were fed diets with different energy/egg ratios(DE/CP: 0.96∶1, 0.87∶1, 0.80∶1),respectively. The results showed that with the decrease of energy to egg level, the average daily gain of pigs increased, the average daily feed intake of pigs in G2 group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups(P<0.05). Fecal samples from three groups were sequenced by 16S rRNA, and a total of 423 operational taxa(OTUs) were obtained,belonging to 14 phyla and 177 genera. The dominant bacteria in three groups were Firmicutes, Spirochaetota and Bacteroidota. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was 26.51 in G1 group, 37.07 in G2 group and 26.75 in G3 group,respectively. At the genus level, the dominant genera in G1 group and G2 group were Clostridium, Terrisporobacter and Turicibacter, while the dominant genera in G3 group were Clostridium, Streptococcus and Terrisporobacter.Diets with low energy-protein ratios could improved the relative abundance of Oscillospira, Bacillus and Butyricicoccaceae, and significantly reduce the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae(P<0.05). Oscillospira was positive correlated with the average daily gain and negatively correlated with the feed to gain ratio(P<0.01). Bacillus was positive correlated with feed consumption and average daily gain(P<0.05), Butyricicoccaceae was positive correlated with body weight(P<0.05), back fat thickness and other indicators, Lachnospiraceae was negatively correlated with body weight(P<0.05), body length and hip circumference, etc. The experiment indicates that the appropriate energy-protein ratios of ’Berkshire pigs×Bamei pigs’ is 0.80∶1.