动车组车顶避雷器温度分布测量及缺陷仿真研究

Temperature Distribution Measurement and Defect Simulation of Roof Arrester of EMU

车顶避雷器是动车组牵引供电系统的重要保护设备。由于列车运行速度快、天气条件复杂且接触网过电压频发,车顶避雷器故障时有发生,影响铁路系统正常运行。该文搭建了动车组车顶避雷器荧光光纤温度测量系统,研究了避雷器在持续运行电压和操作冲击过电压2种工况下,不同位置氧化锌阀片的温度变化。建立了车顶避雷器有限元仿真模型,对避雷器开展电热耦合仿真,计算结果与试验测试结果具有较好的一致性。在仿真模型中设置阀片缺陷,研究了缺陷位置、缺陷数量和空气流速对避雷器温度分布特性的影响。最后,对动车组车顶避雷器的设计和维护提出了建议。

Roof arrester is an important protective equipment of the EMU traction power supply system. Due to the fast running speeds, the complex weather conditions and the frequent overvoltages, the roof arrester faults onthe EMUs occur occasionally, affecting the safe operation of the railway system.In this paper, the fluorescent optical fiber temperature measurement system of the EMU roof arrester was built, and the temperature changes of the zinc oxide varistor at different positions of an arrester under continuous operation voltages and operation impulse overvoltages were studied. The finite element simulation model of the roof arrester was established, and the electrothermal coupling simulation of the arrester was carried out. The calculation results are in good agreement with the test results. The effects of the defected locations and amounts of the arrester and the airflow speeds on the temperature distribution characteristics are studied. Finally, some suggestions on the design and maintenance of the EMU roof arrester are proposed.