健身气功的道家生命哲学探赜——基于“形、气、神、志”的辩证视角

Discussion on the Taoist Life Philosophy of Fitness Qigong——Based on the Dialectical Perspective of “Xing, Qi, Shen and Zhi”

推动健身气功的创造性转化与创新性发展需要挖掘其蕴含的哲学思想和实践智慧。基于生命哲学视域的分析发现,健身气功力主"身者,道之所托,身得则道得"的文化思想。这一充满生命哲学智慧的身体养生之术关涉"形、气、神、志"4大要素,其中"形"为生命载体,"气"为生命动因,"神""志"为生命主体精神。具体来看,从"佚形而备"之"形","一气运化"之"气",再到"守神游和"之"神","志得道行"之"志",无不深度彰显出了四者与个体生命之间的内在关系,以及和谐运变的自然规律。这既是一种"身心合一"的大身体观,更是一种"天人合一"的大生命观的思想方式与运行逻辑。认识到这一点,不仅使健身气功的探究更能忠实于自身特有的性质,也与当代人类美学的"生命转向"这一新的趋势不谋而合。

To promote the creative transformation and innovative development of fitness Qigong, there is need to explore its philosophical thought and practical wisdom.From the theoretical perspective of life philosophy, fitness qigong is deeply associated with the cultural thought of “the body is the source of Dao, and the body is the source of Dao”. This art of health maintenance full of philosophy and wisdom of life relates to “xing, qi, shen and zhi”, among which “xing” is the carrier of life, “qi” is the motive of life, and “shen” and “zhi” are the main spirit of life. To be specific, from the “xing” of “Fully complete”, “qi” of “Perfect operation”, to the “shen” and “zhi” of “keeping harmony”, all reveal the complex relationship between the four beings and life comprehensively and deeply, as well as the internal law of harmonious movement and change. This is not only a big body view of “unity of body and mind”, but also a big life view of “unity of nature and man”.This realization not only makes the research on fitness qigong more faithful to its own characteristics, but also coincides with the new trend of “life turning” of contemporary human aesthetics.