液态金属雾化成形及非晶合金制粉的研究进展

Research progress of liquid metal atomization technology and preparation of its amorphous powders

面对绿色低碳发展与能源结构调整这一世界性挑战,通信网络和电子电气等领域对大电流功率电感器的要求不断提高。非晶合金软磁材料是当前迫切需要的先进电感器磁粉芯原料,其具备优异的高频导磁性、热稳定性和耐蚀性等优点而优于其他软磁材料。然而,作为一种原子短程有序而长程无序的亚稳态材料,非晶合金粉末的制备仍是一种难度较大的前沿技术。液态合金雾化法凭借粉末性能稳定、冷却速度快及可大规模生产等优势,已成为当前制备非晶合金粉末的主要工艺。在分析非晶材料特性及其形成机理的基础上,系统阐述了气雾化和水雾化制备非晶合金粉末的原理及国内外发展状况,概述了雾化过程中熔体破碎和凝固机理的现有认识。通过系统分析雾化制备的研究现状及亟待解决的问题,以期为中国开发非晶粉末雾化和冷却工艺高效制备非晶粉末提供一定的启发和技术思路。

In the face of challenge for green and low-carbon development and energy structure upgrading,communication and electronic electric industries are increasingly demanding large current power inductors.As the raw material of magnetic powder core of advanced inductors urgently needed,amorphous powders have excellent magnetic conductivity at high frequency,thermal stability and corrosion resistance,which are far superior to other soft magnetic materials presently.However,as a kind of metastable material with short-range order and long-range disorder in atomic structure,production of amorphous powders is still one of the big challenges.Recently,liquid alloy atomization has become one of the main methods for the production of amorphous alloy powders with the advantages of stable powder properties,high cooling rate and mass production.Based on the analysis of characteristics and formation mechanism of amorphous materials,the principle and development of amorphous alloy powder prepared by gas atomization and water atomization are systematically described,and the current understanding of melt break-up and solidification mechanism in atomization process is summarized.Finally,several unsolved problems and the research status in the field of atomization are pointed out to provide some inspiration for atomization technology of amorphous powders.