2018年太原市大气PM2.5中多环芳烃的高效液相色谱法检测及其致癌健康风险分析

Analysis on carcinogenic risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons detected by HPLC bound to atmospheric PM2.5,Taiyuan city,2018

目的对2018年太原市空气PM_(2.5)中16种多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)的人群致癌健康风险进行了评价分析。方法在太原城区设立两个监测点,每月10-16日采样7 d,采用高效液相色谱法检测空气PM_(2.5)中PAHs,采用特定比值法估计PAHs的来源。采用卫健委行业标准WST 666-2019进行人群致癌风险评估。结果太原市2018年空气PM_(2.5)年均浓度为98~106μg/m^(3),供暖期高于非供暖期(P<0.01)超过国家二级标准;空气PM_(2.5)中BaP年均浓度为2.40~2.48 ng/m^(3),高于国家二级标准,供暖期空气PM_(2.5)中PAHs含量明显高于非供暖期(P<0.01);特征比值法分析显示太原市空气PM_(2.5)中PAHs的首要来源为燃煤,但比值在界值附近,提示交通污染也较大;PM_(2.5)中PAHs的致癌风险为(1.14~1.17)×10^(-5),具有潜在风险,近似或低于北方其他城市,大幅低于南方及沿海城市。结论2018年太原市空气PM_(2.5)中PAHs对人群具有潜在致癌风险,随着污染控制措施和产业转型升级,情况将逐步得到改善。

Objective To assess the carcinogenic health risk of 16 kinds of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs)bound to atmospheric PM_(2.5) in Taiyuan city in 2018.Methods 2 monitoring points were set up in Taiyuan city.The PM_(2.5) were sampled for 7 days monthly in 2 sites in 2018.The PAHs bound to ambient PM_(2.5) were detected by HPLC and the source of PAHs was estimated by molecular diagnosis ratios.Health and Health Commission industry standard WST666-2019 was adopted to assess the risk of cancer among people.Results The average annual concentrations of ambient PM_(2.5) in Taiyuan in 2018 was 98-106μg/m^(3),which were higher than the second grade of the national standard.The PM_(2.5) level during heating period was higher than that in non-heating period(P<0.01).The average BaP concentrations in PM_(2.5) were 2.40-2.48 ng/m^(3),which was higher than the second grade of the national standard.PAHs in PM_(2.5) in heating period was significantly higher than that in non-heating period(P<0.01).The diagnosis ratios showed that the primary source of PAHs bound to PM2.5 in Taiyuan city was coal-combustion,but the ratios were near the threshold,indicating that traffic pollution was also an important source.The carcinogenic risk of PAHs in PM2.5 was(1.14-1.17)×10^(-5),which might potentially raise the carcinogenic risk for the crowd.Conclusion PAHs bound to ambient PM2.5 in Taiyuan city in 2018 had potential carcinogenic risk for people.With pollution control measures and industrial upgrading,the situation will gradually improve.