m^(6)A甲基化修饰对环状RNA调控作用研究进展

Advance of N^(6)-methyladenosine modification on circular RNA

N^(6)-甲基腺苷(N^(6)-methyladenosine,m^(6)A)是真核细胞mRNA上含量丰富且可逆的RNA甲基化修饰形式,在RNA的剪接和翻译中起着至关重要的作用。环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是由前体mRNA反向剪接形成的一类进化保守的共价闭合环状非编码RNA,参与调控多种生理病理过程。近年来,越来越多的研究表明m^(6)A修饰在调节circRNA生物发生、翻译、稳定、核转运以及circRNA-microRNA海绵吸附等方面均具有重要作用。m^(6)A修饰的circRNA还参与免疫疾病、肿瘤、急性冠状动脉综合征、肺动脉高压和年龄相关性白内障等疾病进程。现就m^(6)A修饰对circRNA调控作用机制和疾病进展进行综述,以期为疾病诊疗提供新思路。

N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A),the most abundant reversible modification in eukaryotic mRNA,regulates RNA transcription,processing,splicing,degradation,translation and so on.Circular RNA(circRNA)is a class of endogenously expressed non-coding RNA with a single-stranded circular structure,mainly deriving from backsplicing of exons of pre-mRNAs,plays an important role in various pathophysiological processes.In recent years,accumulating evidence shows that m^(6)A modification regulates various aspects of circRNA metabolism,including biogenesis,translation,degradation,cellular localization and circRNA-miRNA interaction.Dysregulated m^(6)A modification in circRNAs can be a cause of many diseases,such as immune-related diseases,cancers,acute coronary syndrome,pulmonary arterial hypertension,age-related cataract and so on.This review mainly discusses the regulatory mechanism of m^(6)A modification on circRNA metabolism and the role of m^(6)A-modified circRNAs in diseases.