某三甲综合医院护理人员职业紧张对焦虑的影响及职业倦怠的中介效应

The effect of occupational stress on anxiety of nursing staff in a third-grade general hospital and mediating effect of job burnout

目的探讨临床科室护理人员职业倦怠在职业紧张与焦虑间的中介效应,为制定干预措施缓解焦虑提供科学依据。方法于2020年11月至2021年1月,采用横断面调查方法,对河北省某三甲综合医院653名临床科室护理人员的基本情况、职业紧张、职业倦怠及焦虑状况进行问卷调查。应用spearman秩相关分析职业紧张、职业倦怠与焦虑的关系,应用逐步回归法、中介效应模型分析验证职业倦怠在职业紧张与焦虑间的中介效应。结果回收有效问卷551份,有效回收率84.38%。护理人员高职业紧张发生率为68.06%(375/551),职业倦怠发生率为63.70%(351/551)[高度、轻中度分别为11.07%(61/551)、52.63%(290/551)],焦虑发生率为55.72%(307/551)[轻、中、重度分别为38.11%(210/551)、8.53%(47/551)、9.08%(50/551)]。职业紧张与职业倦怠和焦虑均呈正相关(r=0.545、0.479),职业倦怠与焦虑呈正相关(r=0.542,P<0.05)。中介效应分析结果显示,职业紧张对焦虑的影响具有统计学意义(c=0.509,P<0.001),职业倦怠在职业紧张与焦虑间的中介效应占总效应的44.99%。结论该三甲综合医院护理人员焦虑水平较高。职业倦怠在职业紧张与焦虑间存在中介效应,可通过降低职业紧张或缓解职业倦怠的方式减轻护理人员焦虑水平。

Objective To explore the mediating effect of job burnout of nursing staff in clinical departments on occupational stress and anxiety,and to provide scientific basis for the formulation of intervention measures to relieve anxiety.Methods From November 2020 to January 2021,a cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the basic situation,occupational stress,job burnout and anxiety of 653 nursing staff in a third class A general hospital in Hebei Province.Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the relationship between occupational stress,job burnout and anxiety,stepwise regression and mediating effect model were used to verify the mediating effect of job burnout on the relationship between occupational stress and anxiety.Results 551 valid questionnaires were collected with effective recovery of 84.38%.The incidence of high occupational stress was 68.06%(375/551),the incidence of job burnout was 63.70%(351/551)[high,moderate and moderate were 11.07%(61/551)and 52.63%(290/551)respectively],and the incidence of anxiety was 55.72%(307/551)[mild,moderate and severe were 38.11%(210/551),8.53%(47/551)and 9.08%(50/551)respectively].Occupational stress was positively correlated with job burnout and anxiety(r=0.545,0.479),and job burnout was positively correlated with anxiety(r=0.542,P<0.05).The mediating effect analysis showed that occupational stress had a statistically significant effect on anxiety(c=0.509,P<0.001),and the mediating effect of job burnout on the relationship between occupational stress and anxiety accounted for 44.99%of the total effect.Conclusion The anxiety level of the nursing staff in this third-class A general hospital was relatively high.Job burnout has a mediating effect between occupational stress and anxiety,and anxiety of nursing staff can be alleviated by reducing occupational stress or job burnout.