充分利用农村土地资源发展集体经济:约束、模式和出路

Making Full Use of Rural Land Resources to Develop Collective Economy:Constraints, Models and Ways Out

农村最重要的资源是土地,发展农村集体经济需要充分利用土地资源。当前农村土地的资源潜力和市场潜力都还没有充分发挥出来。实践中,利用耕地资源发展集体经济的模式主要包括耕地流转中介模式、耕地股份合作模式和耕地共营制模式;利用宅基地(含住房)发展集体经济的模式主要包括中介流转模式和股份分成模式;利用存量和增量集体经营性建设用地发展集体经济的模式主要包括村集体自组织的土地联营公司模式和政府主导的土地整备模式。利用农村土地资源发展集体经济需要解决集体经济组织作为流转中介机构的能力问题以及流转过程中的“插花地”问题,在设置门槛条件的基础上,可以探索将宅基地使用权转让给本集体经济组织以外的成员,允许增量集体经营性建设用地入市。

The most important resource in rural areas is land. The development of rural collective economy needs to make full use of land resources. At present, the resource potential and market potential of rural land have not been brought into full play. In practice, the modes of using cultivated land resources to develop collective economy mainly include cultivated land transfer intermediary mode, cultivated land stock cooperation mode and cultivated land co-operation mode;the modes of using homestead(including housing) to develop collective economy mainly include intermediary circulation mode and share sharing mode;the modes of developing collective economy by using stock and incremental collective operating construction land mainly include the mode of land joint venture organized by village collectives and the mode of land preparation led by the government. Using rural land resources to develop collective economy needs to solve the ability of collective economic organizations as transfer intermediaries and the problem of “chahua” ground(land belonging to one production unit but enclosed in that of another) in the process of transfer, on the basis of setting threshold conditions, we can explore the transfer of homestead use right to members other than the collective economic organization, allow incremental collective operating construction land to enter the market.