新型农村集体经济发展主体的政策选择及制度设计

Policy Choice and System Design of the Main Subject of New Rural Collective Economic Development

目前新型农村集体经济的内涵和外延尚未得以清晰界定,其发展更是面临着主体不明晰、主体职能不明确等问题。农村集体产权制度改革为新型农村集体经济提供了组织载体。新型农村集体经济的发展主体在延续了公有制、社区性、全员性等传统特征的基础上,也呈现出主体地位明确、产权及成员边界清晰、组织机构健全等新特征。新型农村集体经济发展主体的政策选择应以集体土地的再合作为基础、以集体成员利益为目的、以实践中新型农村集体经济的不同发展模式为支撑。制度设计应该重点关注农民集体所有制本质特征和市场经济发展基本要求之间的平衡,并从农村集体经济组织的法律定位、成员制度、内部运行机制、优惠支持措施等方面强化农村集体经济组织立法。

At present, the connotation and extension of the new rural collective economy have not been clearly defined, and its development is facing problems such as unclear subject and unclear subject function. The reform of rural collective property right system provides an organizational carrier for the new rural collective economy. On the basis of continuing the traditional characteristics of public ownership,community and full membership, the development subject of the new rural collective economy also presents new characteristics such as clear subject status, clear boundary of property rights and members, sound organization, and continues the traditional characteristics of public ownership, community and full membership. The policy choice of the development subject of the new rural collective economy should be based on the re-cooperation of the collective land, for the purpose of the interests of the collective members, and supported by the different development modes of the new rural collective economy in practice. The system design should focus on the balance between the essential characteristics of farmers’ collective ownership and the basic requirements of the development of market economy, and strengthen the legislation of rural collective economic organizations from the aspects of legal positioning, member system, internal operation mechanism and preferential support measures.