宽严相济刑事政策下民间借贷的规制

The Regulation of Private Lending Under the Criminal Policy of Temper Justice with Mercy

民间借贷是民间金融的重要组成部分,民间借贷在网络时代的发展已与其传统形式有了较大不同,在具有更强生命力的同时,也具备了更大的风险隐患。国家对于民间借贷的规制可从宏观层面的整体规制、中观层面的法律规制以及微观层面的刑事法规制加以理解,其中刑事法规制应当贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策,对民间借贷进行界分,宽待其依法、合理运营部分而严惩其违法、犯罪成分。宽严相济的刑事政策指导下规制民间借贷可对商业银行的信贷规模及整体性降低金融风险产生积极的影响。为贯彻这一刑事政策,需要健全完善民间借贷的法律规范体系、在能动司法与审慎司法理念之间取得动态平衡,以及注重司法裁判中规范制定和援引时的明确性与稳定性。

Private lending is an important part of private finance, and the development of private lending in the network era has become more different from its traditional form, with stronger vitality and greater risk potential. The state regulation of private lending can be understood from the macro-level overall regulation, the meso-level legal regulation and the micro-level criminal law regulation, which should implement the criminal policy of temper justice with mercy to distinguish private lending, treating its legal and reasonable operation part with leniency while severely punishing its illegal and criminal components. Under the guidance of the criminal policy of leniency and severity, the regulation of private lending can have a positive impact on the credit scale of commercial banks and the overall reduction of financial risks. In order to implement this criminal policy, it is necessary to improve the system of legal norms for private lending, to strike a dynamic balance between the concept of activist justice and judicial restraint, and to focus on clarity and stability in the formulation and invocation of norms in judicial decisions.