论莫言小说《蛙》的叙述艺术

On the Narrative Style of Moyan's Frog

在小说《蛙》中,莫言一方面通过书信体构建出一个真实性的框架,使小说具有现实感和真实感,但另一方面,在叙述的过程中又时时出现打破甚至否定这种真实性叙述的虚幻色彩和荒诞细节,呈现真与幻、实与虚的混杂和交融。小说在对历史的叙述中有一种传奇化倾向,极具个人色彩、有所取舍的陈述显示出叙述的不可靠性,而所隐讳的内容恰恰折射出忏悔的不彻底性。小说的第四部荒诞色彩显著,现实叙述中的这种荒诞化倾向则是现代社会荒诞性的体现,作为对小说中的现实进行延续的荒诞剧《蛙》则进一步彰显了现实的荒诞特征。此外,小说中的文学书写与现实本体呈现一种杂糅和交错,小说中人时常进入文学中的虚构语境,他们混淆了现实与文学,活在文学的想象之中,文学世界反而发挥了为现实矫枉的作用。

In the novel Frog,on the one hand,Mo Yan constructs a narra-tive framework of reality by the epistolary style and endows the novel with a sense of reality and authenticity;on the other hand,in the process of narration,a number of fantastic and absurd details spring frequently to break or even negate the realistic narrative,which contributes to a fusion of the reality and the illusion.This has been unfolded in three dimensions.Firstly,the novel tends to legendize the historical narrative.The selected and colored experiences of the characters result in the unreliability of the narrative,and what has been filtered reflects the incompleteness of the confession.Secondly,the absurdity of the realistic narrative is the embodiment of the absur-dity of the modern society.The drama Frog in the fifth volume is the sequel of the story in the previous volumes,and exaggerates the absurdity of the reality.Thirdly,the reality itself and literary writing present a kind of hybridization and intermingling.The charaeters often enter the fictional context in literature,confusing reality with literature and even living in the literary imagination.but actually,the literary world functions to correct the mistakes in the reality.