“语心之容,命之曰心之行”真义解证

True Meaning of “Tolerance of the Heart, Virtue of the Heart”

《庄子·天下》篇评价宋钘和尹文学术思想,其中有“语心之容,命之曰心之行”。宋代以来,对这句话含义的解释众说纷纭,争论的焦点集中在对其中“容”字到底作何解释上。总而言之,主要有解为“容止”之义、释作“欲”之借字、指“情”而言、读作“搈”而释为动作等四种说法,但都没有探究到其中的真义。实际上,唐成玄英的疏解最为近之,即将“容”释作“容受”之义。据此,这句话乃谓——称道宽恕能容是心之天性。宋钘、尹文这一学说具有鲜明的道家黄老之学特质,其思想渊源与《尚书·洪范》篇存在丝缕联系。

The article Tian Xia in Zhuang Zi reviews the academic studies of Song Xing and Yin Wen. It says that“Tolerance of the Heart,Virtue of the Heart”. The meaning of this sentence has been debated since the Song Dynasty. The focus of the debate is the different interpretations of“Rong”. All in all,it is covered with the four theories of“demeanour”,borrowing“desire”,referring to“feeling”and substituting“bringing”,but none of them has its true meaning. In fact,it should be interpreted as tolerance by Cheng Xuanying in the Tang Dynasty. Then this sentence means that it is the nature of the heart to praise forgiveness and tolerance.This theory has distinct characteristics of Taoism and Huang Lao’s learning,and has academic origin connection with Hong Fan in Shang Shu.