2011—2020年兰州市住院严重急性呼吸道感染病例常见呼吸道病毒监测结果分析

Analysis on the surveillance results of common respiratory viruses in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infections in Lanzhou,2011-2020

目的了解兰州市住院严重急性呼吸道感染(severe acute respiratory infection,SARI)病例常见呼吸道病毒病原谱及流行病学特征,为兰州市SARI病例的防控和治疗提供参考依据。方法收集2011年1月至2020年12月兰州大学第一医院SARI病例的咽拭子、痰液及少量肺泡灌洗液样本2571份,同时收集病例资料和临床信息,将监测人群分为5个年龄组(0岁~、1岁~、5岁~、15岁~、60岁~),采用多重Real-time PCR法对常见呼吸道病毒进行核酸检测。结果2571份样本中共检出9种病毒,总阳性率24.66%。其中排在前4位的病毒是呼吸道合胞病毒(8.71%)、鼻病毒(4.60%)、流感病毒(4.40%)、副流感病毒(3.85%)。0岁~组婴儿占比最高(36.37%),阳性检出率最高(26.95%),呼吸道合胞病毒检出最多(13.05%),5岁~组鼻病毒检出率最高(6.13%),15岁~组和60岁~组检出率最高的是流感病毒,分别为9.75%和6.35%,不同年龄组之间阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.11,P=0.038),每年冬春季为发病高峰期。结论兰州市SARI病例感染率最高的病毒是呼吸道合胞病毒,不同年龄组优势病毒不同,冬春季为流行季。

Objective To understanded the pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of common respiratory viruses in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection(SARI)in Lanzhou,in order to provide a reference for the prevention,control and treatment of SARI cases in Lanzhou.Methods From January 2011 to December 2020,2571 samples including throat swabs,sputum and a small amount of alveolar lavage fluid from SARI cases in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University,and data and clinical information were collected at the same time,the monitored population was divided into 5 age groups(0 year-,1 year-,5 years-,15 years-,60 years-),and the nucleic acid detection of common respiratory viruses was performed by multiplex real-time PCR.Results A total of 9 viruses were detected in 2571 samples,with a total positive rate of 24.66%.Among them,the top 4 viruses were respiratory syncytial virus(8.71%),rhinovirus(4.60%),influenza virus(4.40%),and parainfluenza virus(3.85%).The 0 year-group had the highest proportion of infants(36.37%),the highest positive detection rate(26.95%),the highest detection rate of respiratory syncytial virus(13.05%)were found in this group,and in the 5 years-group rhinovirus detection rate was the highest(6.13%).The 15 years-group and 60 years-group had the highest detection rates of influenza virus,which were 9.75%and 6.35%.The difference in positive detection rate between different age groups was statistically significant(χ^(2)=12.11,P=0.038).The peak incidence was in winter and spring every year.Conclusions The virus with the highest infection rate of SARI cases in Lanzhou was respiratory syncytial virus.Different age groups have different dominant viruses.Winter and spring are the epidemic seasons.