宜昌地区献血者Kidd血型分布与输血安全调查

Distribution of Kidd Blood Group of Blood Dornors and Investigation of Transfusion Safety in Yichang Area

目的调查宜昌地区献血者Kidd血型人群分布状况,评估Kidd血型不合的输血风险。方法随机抽取2020-04/2020-08月宜昌地区560名献血者血液样本为研究对象,采用2 mol/L尿素溶血试验进行Jk(a-b-)表型筛查,微量板法进行Kidd血型抗原的鉴定,再用试管法对可疑的Kidd血型抗原进行确认。结果560名献血者中,共检出表型Jk(a+b-)296例、Jk(a-b+)123例、Jk(a+b+)141例,未检出Jk(a-b-)。Jk^(a)和Jk^(b)的基因频率分别为0.4839和0.5161。Jk^(a)和Jk^(b)不合的输血风险分别为0.1954和0.1793,Jk^(a)和Jk^(b)不合的输血风险合计为0.3747。抗-Jk^(a)、抗-Jk^(b)随机输血不合的概率分别为74.82%、78.04%。经χ^(2)检验,Kidd血型观察值与期望值之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Hardy-Weiberg吻合度良好。结论宜昌地区献血者Kidd血型抗原分布具有多态性,Kidd血型不合在常规输血中存在一定风险,应引起高度重视,以保障临床输血安全。

Objective To investigate the population distribution of Kidd blood group of blood donors in Yichang area,and to evaluate the risk of blood incompatibility transfusion of Kidd blood group.Methods The blood samples of 560 donors in Yichang area were randomly selected as the research objects from April 2020 to August 2020.Jk(a-b-)phenotype was screened by 2 mol/L hemolysis test,Kidd blood group antige was identified by the microplate method,and suspicious Kidd blood group antigen was confirmed by the test tube method.Results Among the 560 blood donors,296 cases of Jk(a+b-),123 cases of Jk(a-b+),141 cases of Jk(a+b+)were identified,and Jk(a-b-)was not identified.The gene frequencies of Jk^(a) and Jk^(b) were 0.4839 and 0.5161 respectively.The risk of Jk^(a) and Jk^(b) mismatch were 0.1954 and 0.1793,respectively,with a total mismatch rate of 0.3747.The mismatch probability of anti-Jk^(a) and anti-Jk^(b) were 74.82%and 78.04%respectively.After the χ^(2) test,there was no significantly difference between the observed value and the expected value of Kidd blood group(P>0.05),and the result was consistent with the Hardy-Weiberg.Conclusion The distribution of Kidd blood group antigens is polymorphic in Yichang area.Kidd blood group incompatibility has certain risks in blood transfusion,which should be paid more attention to ensure the safety of clinical blood transfusion.