脱钩改革背景下旅游行业协会组织转型研究

Organizational Transformation of Tourism Industry Associations in the Context of China’s Decoupling Reform

组织结构的调整与完善是提高组织现代化管理水平的有效举措,旅游行业协会作为旅游行业治理的重要主体之一,在脱钩改革之后建立与市场需求相匹配的功能结构是重要方向。文章采用扎根理论方法,基于我国旅游行业协会发展历史,探讨了脱钩改革的组织转型特征和过程机制,尝试提出脱钩改革后优化发展建议。研究发现:我国旅游行业协会的组织转型可以划分为稳定期、动荡期、变革期和趋稳期4个阶段,与旅游业的市场化改革和旅游社会功能的发挥直接相关;脱钩后旅游行业协会需要重新定位组织目标、制度安排、活动开展、治理结构等,以适应变革期的制度新环境、市场新环境和生存新环境;转型关键过程包括理顺与政府关系,制定发展计划,从治理结构、制度规范、会员服务、人员安排、财务制度等方面采取改革措施,其中,市场影响下的政策驱动、要素关联整合和新环境构建是重要机制。文章深入分析脱钩改革期全国性旅游行业协会组织转型的共性过程和特征,以期丰富旅游行业协会组织转型的理论体系,为其他类型行业协会的转型发展提供借鉴。

Innovative methods of adjusting organizational structures are a feasible solution to achieve effective modern management. As an important component of the governance structure of tourism industries in China, tourism industry associations are a focus area for establishing functional structures that match market demands in a context of decoupling reforms. In light of an analysis of the developmental history of China’s tourism industry associations, this paper seeks to elucidate the characteristics of the organizational transformation of these associations and the mechanisms underlying the decoupling reform process. Accordingly, it offers some suggestions for achieving optimal development in the post-decoupling reform period. The findings reveal four developmental stages in the organizational transformation of China’s tourism industry associations: a stable period, a turbulent period, a period of change, and finally a stable period. They are directly related to market-oriented tourism reforms and tourism functions aimed at serving the public. In the wake of decoupling, tourism industry associations need to realign their organizational objectives, institutional arrangements, relevant activities, and governance structures, to adapt to new institutional, marketing, and living environments during the period of reform. Key elements of the transformation process include the rationalization of relations with governments at different levels,the formulation of development plans, and the adoption of reform measures relating to the governance structure, institutional norms, membership services, staffing arrangements, and financial systems. Furthermore,the guarantee of policies, the integration of various factors, and the construction of a new environment under the influence of the market are important mechanisms driving the transformation process. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of common processes and characteristics of the organizational structures of national tourism industry associations during the period of decoupling reform, and provides theoretical insights for investigating the organizational transformation and development of other types of industry associations.