乡村旅游:社区化与景区化发展的路径差异及机制——以浙江和山西的两个典型村落为例

The Different Development and Mechanism of Community-oriented Rural Tourism and Scenic-oriented Rural Tourism:Case Studies on the Typical Villages in Zhejiang and Shanxi

社区化和景区化是实践中乡村社区进行旅游开发的两种重要模式,也是当地乡村旅游发展自然、经济和社会环境的综合反映。为深入探究乡村旅游社区化和景区化模式差异背后的理论机制和规律,文章剖析了浙江和山西的两个典型村落乡村旅游发展历程,厘清了不同社会经济背景下乡村旅游社区化与景区化发展路径差异与特征,探索了影响乡村社区旅游发展模式选择的核心要素及理论规律。结果发现,乡村旅游社区化与景区化既表现为由点到面开放式一体化和由面到点飞地式舞台化的建设路径差异,又反映出“乡村休闲与生活体验的日常叙述”同“乡村自然与文化观赏的舞台凝视”的内涵差异。研究认为,社区化与景区化差异的形成是以乡村地域社会综合发展环境为基础,不同乡村旅游投资策略形成不同乡村社区旅游开发路径,并在乡村旅游设施建设、社区参与和空间扩展等方面造成差异化发展特征的结果。以上研究发现以期能丰富乡村旅游与社区发展关系的理论认识,为切实解决乡村社区旅游开发路径问题提供理论参考,更好地促进乡村旅游高质量可持续发展。

Community-oriented rural tourism and scenic-oriented rural tourism are two important models for residents involved in the development of rural tourism in practice.They are the result of comprehensive thinking about the local natural,economic,and social environment.To explore their theoretical mechanism and differences in depth,this paper empirically analyzed the rural tourism development process of two typical villages in Zhejiang and Shanxi with different social and economic backgrounds,to clarify their differences and characteristics.At the same time,it explores the essential factors and theoretical rules of these rural tourism development models.The research revealed that the differences between community-oriented rural tourism and scenicoriented rural tourism not only show their spatial evolution paths,but also reflect their conceptual connotation.From the point of view of their spatial evolution,community-oriented rural tourism has expanded from the tourist site to the community,while scenic-oriented rural tourism focuses on tourist site development and tourist attraction.From the point of view of their conceptual connotation,community-oriented rural tourism has cultivated an easy leisure environment to experience the local rural daily life,while scenic-oriented rural tourism creates a special space for tourists to enjoy the local fantastic natural beauty and cultural landscape.To explain the differences between the development of community-oriented rural tourism and scenic-oriented rural tourism,research has shown that they are mainly related to local social and economic development,which is the basic environment of rural tourism.In theory,due to the disparity of the rural environment,regional rural tourism can choose different investment strategies according to the local overall social and economic situation.Thus,the construction of rural tourism in recreational facilities,community participation and its spatial expansion has regional characteristics and differences.As a result,community-oriented rural tourism and scenic-oriented rural tourism development paths were formed.Ultimately,our results can enrich the existing theoretical knowledge on the relationship between rural tourism and community,and better promote the sustainable and high-quality development of rural tourism.